Questions On Multicultural Education The Material...

I have enjoyed the individual presentations. The material presented goes along with our weekly reading assignments in the Koppelman text. I have been learning ways of incorporating these topics into teaching and in my curriculum. I will be highlighting the presentations of Sarah, Virginia, Jessica and Ericka. Sarah Sponsel’s topic was multicultural education. Caleb Rosado shares that a school can be multicultural based on whether or not it uses the Five Ps. The five Ps are perspectives, policies, programs, personnel, and practices. The schools must also implement the four imperatives. The imperatives are: 1. Reflect the heterogeneity of the school; 2. Are sensitive to the needs of the various groups comprising the student population; 3.†¦show more content†¦Educators should take time to learn about the cultures of their students. This would prohibit teachers from reacting harshly when a student does not look the teacher in the eye or respond right away when the student is being punished. Certain cultures teach children to not look elders in the eye when they are being yelled at, and it is a sign of disrespect if a child talks back to his or her elders. Koppelman discusses the communication model, and it requires individuals to assess each other’s attitudes, to quest ion their own assumptions, to refrain from making judgments, and to be aware of the messages made by nonverbal communication (Koppelman, 2017, 48). Jessica Moreno presented about special education (SPED) and 504. Her topic was then and now, but there’s really not a then and now since the issue is still present. Equality in education can be affected by both quality and access to services. Minority students continue to be overrepresented in special education. Specifically, African-American children tend to be overrepresented in disability categories (West-Olatunji, Baker, Brooks, 2006). Labeling hurts a child’s self-image and self-esteem. There is a disproportionate representation of minority students in special education. There are three main reasons why it is a high concern: 1. There are potentially negative effects of stigmatizing labels; 2. ThereShow MoreRelatedAn Introduction to Intercultural Communication29172 Words   |  117 Pagesinto the areas they need to address or understand. Intercultural communication theories are now also used within the education, health care and other public services due to growing multicultural populations. Cross Cultural Understanding Terminology within the cross cultural communications field can sometimes be baffling to those reading the literature, websites or promotional material. Many ask what is the difference between intercultural and cross cultural? 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How Motivation Fit Into My Content Area Goals - 857 Words

Though the questions asked were useful in guiding my own questioning when surveying my students, I asked a more diverse range of questions to appeal to more aspects of student motivation. Beyond understanding motivation, I wanted to find how motivation fit into my content area goals. On this topic I found three articles that explored how to create motivation when teaching reading. These studies were useful in their alignment to my subject area. The author of one of those studies Lang, explored his experience teaching literature to a juvenile detention population in Virginia. The students that he worked with may have had more obstacles to overcome than a majority of my students, but they do have one thing in common; they do not have a choice about the content they are studying. Lang’s research pointed to the importance of allowing students to relate text to their own personal experiences. He did this by asking students broad open-ended questions so that students had the freedom to explore the text and themselves to find an answer (Lang, 2013). The second article that focused on reading that I found useful in guiding my own classroom research, was written by Guthrie and Klauda. They found that the keys to getting students engaged and motivated and to foster reading comprehension are, importance, choice, collaboration, and competence. Guthrie el. al. named their research model CORI, which stands for concept oriented reading instruction. I think that this concept is exactlyShow MoreRelatedMy First Goal Is A Delicate And Vulnerable Process923 Words   |  4 Pagesis my job to help foster these distinctive attributes while also facilitating the emotional, social, physical, and intellectual growth of each and every student. Learning is a delicate and vulnerable process. To learn, one must make mistakes, reflect, and recognize both strengths and weaknesses. 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Sysco free essay sample

As the leading food procurer and distributer in the world, Sysco has a highly decentralized structure. However, information inconsistencies were accumulated from their decentralized IT system. To tackle this, Sysco has already adopted an ERP system and a data warehouse, and is deciding to invest in a Business Intelligence (BI) system. Issues amp; Problems 1. Utilization: Massive amount of data in the data warehouse are stored, but cannot be analyzed. a. Information cannot be efficiently extracted. Reports take weeks to generate. . Most employees lack the expertise to retrieve the relevant information. 2. Decision Making: Upper management cannot make strategic decisions due to lack of information. c. Difficulty in monitoring and comparing performances across the different units. d. Important events cannot be predicted from the historical data. 3. Coordination: The decentralized structure undermines strategic coordination among the units. e. Each unit has a limited perspective of the m arket and the industry. f. Some overlapping operations across units may incur additions costs g. Some units have their own business intelligence system. Whether to invest in the minimum licensing of the business intelligence, which includes query/analysis, performance management, reporting, info infrastructure or, 2. Allow broader access to the business intelligence, and includes analytical module licenses in addition to the first decision or, 3. Allow even broader access, and includes supply chain analytical module in addition to the Decision 2. External Analysis 1. Porter’s Forces a. Medium threat to new entry: the high profits attract new comers, but the distribution networks’ economies of scales create entry barrier. Sysco hould utilize their massive database to achieve economies of learning. (Issue 1) b. High threat to substitute, High bargaining power of buyer: the customers can easily choose to procure food themselves. Thus, Sysconeed to use IT to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty through understanding more about their customers. (Issue 1) 2. Competitive Strategies: Sysco’s primary strategy is dif ferentiation since they have broad target segments from independent diners to chain restaurants. To maintain their current market share, they need to differentiate through customization and customer service. They have 8000 marketing associates working directly with the customer, thus the customer information collected has to be stored and retrieved efficiently. (issue 1). Internal Analysis 1. Strategic Grid: Syscois trying to move from the Support quadrant to the Turnaround quadrant. They do not require highly reliable IT system, but they need to enhance information sharing and make better market analysis (issue 3) for strategic decision making from upper management (issue 2). 2. Value Chain: The competitive advantage of Sysco comes from sales and marketing activities. Sysco is on the right track by creating a data warehouse in terms of aligning IT and their strategy, but now they need to effectively extract and analyze relevant customer information (issue 1) in order to meet and forecast their customer needs. 3. IT Risks: a. Implementation Challenges: some operating units are going to resist the new BI System. Some of them may already have an effective system. Some might be unwilling to share information, or some may have a conflicting view on the value of IT investment with the Director’s Council (issue 3). b. Overbuying: IT that is not fully adopted and utilized by the employees will not only be a waste of resource, but may even confuse the employees and have a negative impact on the operation units. Recommendation: Short Term: Decision 2 should be adopted for the following reasons: 1. Efficient and effective sales analysis and forecast provided will be highly beneficial for the marketing associates and senior managers. a. By organizing and presenting customer information clearly, BI will enhance CRM, and will complement the competitive advantage of sales and marketing activities in the value chain. . Accessibility to the data warehouse is a valuable resource for Sysco to compete with other companies. Furthermore, taping into the massive data warehouse will aid the decision making process for senior managers, in terms of strategy, future IT investments, etc. c. Forecasting potential customer needs and sales opportunities will allow SYSCO to further differentiate within the industry, and gain more market power. 2. The 9 months support received from the BO consultants is crucial for overcoming implementation challenges and facilitating change management within the 9-12 months BI licenses. . Decision 3 should not be adopted for the moment because a supply chain analytical module is not the priority of IT investment according to the value chain. Furthermore, the implementation challenges for this module is unknown. Since the BO support only last for 9 months, yet the licensing is for 2 years. 4. Sysco should not make the installation of the BI mandatory. Forcing the new IT system may back fire when met with too much resistance. Long Term amp; Conclusion: Sysco needs analyze the result of Decision 2 before making the next move. If the implementation is mostly successful and the return on investment is met, other initially resistance units will be more willing to join. If not, alternatives should be considered, such as incorporating existing local BI into the SyscoBI. The sales analysis and market forecast provided by BI will mostly likely increase Sysco’s market share and allow them to maintain leading position not only within the industry, but also in IT innovation. However, the implementation of BI should be carefully monitored to ensure the desirable end result.

The 14Th Dalai Lama Essay Paper Example For Students

The 14Th Dalai Lama Essay Paper Research PaperNovember 12, 1999The 14th Dalai LamaDalai Lama literally means ocean priest. His vast followers, awestruck by his presence, cast their eyes downward, fall to the ground and weep. They cannot look directly in his eyes out of respect. The Dalai Lama realizes the magnitude of his position, but dismisses the idolatry. His people call him His Holiness. He calls himself a Tibetan who chooses to be a Buddhist monk. He also was leader of a country that Tibetans say is occupied and that Beijing says has always been part of China. He is considered the reincarnation of the previous 13 Dalai Lamas of Tibet, the first born more than 640 years ago. This Dalai Lama is different from his predecessors, though. For instance, the 13th Dalai Lama was strict and formal, and most Tibetans couldnt get close to him except during public blessing ceremonies. The 14th Dalai Lama meets often with Tibetans and foreigners and never keeps people at a distance. He is among 600 Tibetan Buddhist monks l iving in Dharamsala, in northern India. About 7,000 of the 24,000 who live in this city are Tibetans, with the greatest concentration in the village of McLeod Ganjthe seat of Tibets government-in- exile. The Chinese occupied Tibet in 1950. For nine years, the Dalai Lama tried to negotiate peaceful coexistence with his people and the Chinese. When that failed, he fled in 1959 to India, where he set up Tibets government-in-exile. Lhamo Thondup was born July 6, 1935, to peasant farmers in Taktser, a poor settlement on a hill overlooking a broad valley in northeastern Tibet. Buddhist priests from Lhasa, Tibets capital, came for the boy when he was 2. Omens led them to him: from the way the head of the 13th Dalai Lama had turned in his coffin toward the childs village, to the vision of the house seen in a lake by a high priest. The boy was renamed Jamphel Ngawang Lobsang Yeshe Tenzin Gyatso and raised by monks in Lhasa in the 1,000-room Potala palace, where the fifth through the present Dalai Lamas resided. As a boy, he had no idea what it meant to be the 14th Dalai Lamathe ruler of the land hidden behind the Himalayas. He was tutored in Buddhist teachings. At 15, with his country under threat from the newly communist China, he formally became head of Tibet, which is about three times the size of California. At that time in 1950, peace in Tibet was shattered when 84,000 Chinese soldiers launched an attack at six points along Tibets border. Chinese officials say communism liberated the downtrodden Tibetan people from a feudal theocracy harshly ruled by a succession of Dalai Lamas. But many Tibetans say communism never was attractive for them, and they always considered the rule of the Dalai Lama benevolent. Fearful of being captured by the Chinese and believing he would be more effective outside Tibet, the Dalai Lama fled at age 24 across 17,000-foot Himalayan passes into India. Together with the 70-man remnant of the Tibetan government, he was given political asylu m. He chose India for its proximity to his homeland, and Tibetans felt a spiritual kinship with their neighbors because Buddhism originated in India. Buddhism teaches people to eliminate suffering caused by ignorance, egotism and self- centeredness. Buddhists cultivate morality, generosity, patience, energy, wisdom and meditation. They believe good actions lead to a promising rebirth. Tibet was the only place where Buddhist monks solely ruled the country. Leaders were thought to be incarnations of enlightened beings, and they taught others how to calm their minds and cultivate altruism. Tibetans say they lived peacefully until the Chinese invaded their country. Since then, 1.2 million people 20 percent of the Tibetan populationhave died in combat and through massive famines from collectivized farming and diversion of Tibetan grain to China. The Chinese gutted all but 10 of Tibets 6,254 monasteries, and their treasure $80 billion in jeweled, gold, silver and bronze statues and othe r holy itemswas trucked back to China and later sold in markets in Hong Kong and Tokyo. Still, the Dalai Lama, 1989 Nobel Peace Prize winner for his non-violent quest to free his homeland, doesnt hate the Chinese. He considers compassion as a means to regain Tibets autonomy. Leaders of Tibets government-in-exile have lived since 1960 in Dharamsala, a hill station in Himlach Pradesh, India, 125 miles from Tibets border. From the center of Dharamsala, theres a hair-raising climb up thousands of feet along narrow roads that twist to the village of McLeod Ganj. Tibetans live there under Indias rules, but theyre permitted their quasi-government. The Dalai Lama drafted a constitution in 1963, allowing Tibetans throughout the world to be elected representatives of the government-in-exile. He has established an independent judiciary, an auditors office and other departments. He no longer has final say on all governmental matters and can be impeached. Living in Dharamsala in the 1960s and 70 s was difficult for the Tibetans because it was isolated. Construction of a small airport and installation of a telephone system have improved conditions, the Dalai Lama says. Up the mountain is the Tibetan Childrens Village, run by one of the Dalai Lamas sisters. It houses and educates about 1,500 youngsters, many refugees. Its branches throughout India serve 5,500 or so more children. The Dalai Lama sometimes visits the village and elsewhere, but the majority of his time in Dharamsala is spent praying, meditating and studying. He reads scriptures, studies philosophy and often prays with other Tibetan Buddhist monks. He also pores over official papers, listens to the BBC World Service on the radio and reads magazines like Newsweek and Time and newspapers such as The Times of India and The Hindustan Times. Many people told Tibetans in the 1960s that their quest for freedom was hopeless, the Dalai Lama says. With political changes in the former Soviet Union and East Germany, he belie ves Tibetan freedom isnt that far-fetched. Obstacles remain before Tibetans have political and social freedom in their homeland, the Dalai Lama says. The old Chinese Communist leaders are in their 80s, and he believes the first generation of revolutionaries still respect and obey the government regime. Even with no signs of political liberalization, the Communist Partys free market reforms have improved the Tibetan economy and quelled unrest. And many Chinese sympathize with the Tibetan freedom movement, the Dalai Lama says. Once the current Chinese leaders are gone, then I dont see any obstacle. In 1963, His Holiness promulgated a democratic constitution, based on Buddhistprinciples and the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, as a model for a future free Tibet. Since then, the Dalai Lama has been the most vigorous advocate for the refugees own democratic experiment, while consistently reaffirming his desire not to hold political office once Tibet regains its independence. The Da lai Lama continues to present new initiatives to resolve the Tibetan issue. At the Congressional Human Rights Caucus in1987, he proposed a Five-Point Peace Plan as a first step toward resolving the future status of Tibet. This plan called for the designation of Tibet as a zone of non-violence, an end to the massive transfer of Chinese into Tibet, restoration of fundamental human rights and democratic freedoms, and the abandonment of Chinas use of Tibet for nuclear weapons production and the dumping of nuclear waste, as well as urging earnest negotiations on the future of Tibet. .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .postImageUrl , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:hover , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:visited , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:active { border:0!important; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:active , .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6 .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u4a5a0fa6d7b36daa133312300506c2a6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Litereary poem notes Essay We will write a custom essay on The 14Th Dalai Lama Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Dalai Lama continued what he viewed as the most realistic effort to create a self-governing democratic Tibet. His proposal, made in Strasbourg, France in 1988, included the accommodation of Chinas own interests while preserving the Tibetan peoples ultimate authority in forming their government. However, the Dalai Lama faced a closed and negative attitude from the Chinese leadership in response to his efforts, causing him to declare the Strasbourg Proposal as no longer binding in 1991. His travels have taken him to Brazil, England, Switzerland and the United States, where he met with President George Bush in April 1991. That meeting ended a 30-year American boycott of the Tibetan leader. The United States never has officially recognized Tibet, considering it part of China. The Dalai Lama has met with several major heads of state as well as other senior political, religious, cultural and business leaders to speak on his belief in the oneness of the human family and the need for eac h individual to develop a sense of universal responsibility. In October, 1989, during a dialogue with eight rabbis and scholars from the United States in Dharamsala, The Dalai Lama said, When we became refugees, we knew our struggle would not be easy; it would take a long time, generations. Very often we would refer to the Jewish people, how they kept their identity and faith despite such hardship and so much suffering. And, when external conditions were ripe they were ready to rebuild their nation. So you see, there are many things to learn from our Jewish brothers and sisters. His talks in other forums focused on the commonality of faiths and the need for unity among different religions: I always believe that it is much better to have a variety of religions, a variety of philosophies, rather than one single religion or philosophy. This is necessary because of the different mental dispositions of each human being. Each religion has certain unique ideas or techniques, and learning about them can only enrich ones own faith. The Dalai Lama has received numerous honorary doctorates from Universities worldwide. In 1989, he received The Nobel Peace Prize in Oslo, Norway. The Norwegian Nobel Committee emphasized the Dalai Lamas consistent opposition of the use of violence in Tibets struggle for freedom and remarked that, The Dalai Lama has developed his philosophy of peace from a great reverence for all things living and upon the concept of universal responsibility embracing all mankind as well as naturehe has come forward with constructive and forward-looking proposals for the solution of international conflicts, human rights issues and global environmental problems. Despite his great achievements, the Dalai Lama remains modest, often saying I am just a simple Buddhist monk no more, no less. While fighting for peace and freedom for his people and others, His Holiness has authored many books. Some intended to teach others to tell stories. Ancient Wisdom, Modern World Ethics for a New Millennium is the latest book by His Holiness the Dalai Lama and his first major publication in recent years. In this work, His Holiness calls for a revolution not a political, an economic, a technical or even a religious revolution, but a spiritual revolution to help us through the moral maze of modern life. Awakening the Mind, Lightening the Heart is a practical instruction book on developing compassion in our daily lives through simple meditations that directly relate to past and present relationships. Cultivating a Daily Meditation includes two discourses in which His Holiness touches upon the essential points of the Dharma and provides a clear and simple method to cultivate a daily practice of meditation. He also explains how we should proceed in the effort to generate both the heart o f compassion and the expansive view of emptiness in our daily life. Dalai Lamas Little Book of Wisdom is an inspirational volume offering encouragement to anyone seeking a more peaceful and liberating way of life. Here the Dalai Lama shares his perspective on such enduring themes as love, religion, justice, human rights, poverty, cultural conflict and protection of the environment. Freedom in Exile: The Autobiography of the Dalai Lama of Tibet is an updated autobiography following the award of the Nobel Peace Prize, in which the Dalai Lama talks freely of his life and the tragic story of Tibet, and also discusses contemporary issues. .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .postImageUrl , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:hover , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:visited , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:active { border:0!important; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:active , .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7 .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u101b15d4fcc5676b6b7678cbc93795d7:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: What About Polonius EssayThe Dalai Lama is a man who believes and practices in world peace, happiness, inner balance, and freedom. Bringing peace and freedom to Tibet and to the world has been the Dalai Lamas life for the last many years. Writing books, visiting Presidents and officials, and lobbying for his cause has become what he is. What I believe is that His Holiness is a great man. He is a man who has lived in exile for decades but has not given up his cause of liberating himself and his people. He teaches about a global community, where all countries of our planet would live and exist with and for each other, in harmony. Compassion is another thing His Holiness teac hes, to live and care for others. I am not and may never be a practicing Buddhist, but in my heart and in myself I will always believe that the Dalai Lama is one of the greatest men ever to walk the Earth. In our world where aggression, conflict and violence breed hatred for our fellow man, how important is a man such as the Dalai Lama whose teachings involve love, compassion and peace.

influences on govenment essays

influences on govenment essays Our governmental system is influenced by a number of "inputs" and factors that shape the outcome of political movements and decisions. These "inputs" include public pinions, political parties, interest groups, and the influence of mass media. They influence our government directly as well as indirectly. Not to mention, that our government also uses these "inputs" for its own benefit. The main issue that forms governmental decisions in a democracy is of course the public opinion. In order to be eligible to run for an office in our governmental system, one must be elected by the people or a representative thereof, and to achieve this task one must listen to and obey the public's opinion. Therefore, the theory of democracy is most purely applied through election on behalf of the public opinion. Another important factor in our system of government are of course our political parties. Parties enable the citizen living in a democratic society to establish a connection to governmental action and lead policy-making to his benefit or liking. Furthermore, a citizen can participate in society quite easily, since 2 party platforms which clearly indicate a parties goals and preferences. However, this democratic ideal does not always prevail. Parties can be influenced or even manipulated by people who contribute great amounts of funds to the party to have their own personal political wishes fulfilled which do not necessarily have to benefit society as a whole (power elite theory). Interest groups account for an additional 'mover' in Washington. This political devise provides a supplement to our citizens broad area of interests. Since the American People can only choose between two main parties. Therefore, certain issues might not come to political debate. Interest groups fill this gap and thus withhold the theory of democracy. Yet, 'Big Business' has also found this devise to help fulf ...

Operational Contexts essayEssay Writing Service

Operational Contexts essayEssay Writing Service Operational Contexts essay Operational Contexts essayIn actuality, the contemporary education system and approaches to teaching are vulnerable to severe criticism because of their imperfectness. Critics normally appeal to change the existing education system at all levels and place emphasis on changing in principal purposes of education and philosophy of education. In fact, such a view on the contemporary education implies radical change but effects of such changes are questionable. At any rate, it is unclear if educators broaden the scope of education and overcome existing limitations, it   will be still unclear where the modern education will move to and, more important, it will be still unclear whether the new education system may be more effective than existing one.In this regard, the shift toward the availability of education would be a more reasonable solution. Changing goals or philosophy of education is really important but the problem is that education cannot be changed, its goals and philosophy eff ectively, if a large part of the population has a limited access to education and cannot receive education of the high quality. the education of high quality means that students can learn successfully in accordance to the existing curriculum, even if it is not perfect.In such a situation, the immediate change of goals of education, educational philosophy and environment will make the education system even more complicated, whereas the effectiveness of the education will be still questionable. Whatever the education is, if it is unavailable for all people, such education will not have large scale effects on the society. Simply speaking, even the perfect education will not change the general level of education, if the majority of population remains illiterate or poorly educated.

Capital Punishments Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Capital Punishments - Essay Example In a wider context, capital punishment demeans human dignity. Violence cannot solve the rising cases of criminality. It should be stressed that toleration of execution as a means to solve criminality leaves an imprint on the citizenry’s mind that violence should be confronted with violence (Fridell 33). Capital punishment acts to legitimize violence within society. For this and other reasons to be discussed in this paper, capital punishment should be abolished since it is degrading to human life value. There are those in society who perceive capital punishments as beneficial to human society due to its ability to deter criminals from committing crimes. In addition, they believe that capital punishment ensures that violent criminals have no chance to dish violence on society (Melusky & Pesto 55). However, it is important to note that these arguments have no support in the form of scientific literature. There is no proof that a causal connection exists between criminals committi ng crimes and capital punishment. In addition, empirical research proves that many crimes committed in the US are crimes of passion or unplanned or un-premeditated crimes. Logically, when crimes are committed when a person is angry, the idea of capital punishment will not deter the prospective criminal at the time he is about to commit the crime (Melusky & Pesto 56). This is because he cannot rationally calculate the merits and demerits of his/her actions. Capital punishment can lead to wrongful execution and, therefore, must be done away with. For example, the case of Randall Adams in Texas had seen him sentenced to death for a crime he had not committed. According to Errol Morris, whose documentary led to his freeing, â€Å"Prosecutors sometimes push capital punishment cases to improve their CV† (Morris 1). Unfortunately, in other cases, the evidence that can prove the death row inmate’s innocence is only obtained following their execution. Therefore, because there i s the ever present chance of wrongful execution, capital punishment should be abolished. Capital punishment creates doubt in society that the justice system is unreliable when they really need it. It also emotionally hurts the families of people who have been executed wrongly because it is impossible to resurrect them. Because judges and juries are humans and can make wrong decisions with regards to those deserving acquittal or conviction, wrongful executions will always occur (Melusky & Pesto 57). For this reason, capital punishment, because of its irreversibility, must be abolished. Another detrimental effect of the death penalty has to do with the fact that it sends a message to society that their justice system acts as a revenge advocate, especially for those people who are victimized because of heinous crimes (Mandery 18). The death penalty sends a message to society that the reason the justice system exists is to aid the victims of heinous crimes and their families, rather tha n determine whether the suspects in the crime are guilty or innocent. Capital punishment can be interpreted in another way, which is that it does not give the offender any chance to realize their mistake and act to correct it. The American justice system, in this case, is made to look biased and partial when it uses capital punishmen

Monstrous Discourse & the Cultural Moment Research Paper

Monstrous Discourse & the Cultural Moment - Research Paper Example The paper will appoint the good works of Francisco De Goya artistic work – Sleep of Reason, which in this case is a prophetic outlook of how human nature will create monsters, and monsters rule the world. Another close appointment is the literal works by Scott Poole Monster in America, in which the author attempts to examine how America has created its own, social, economic and political problems. The paper is structured into four main parts. Firstly, Goya presentation of Sleep of Reason; secondly, Poole discuss on Monsters in America. Thirdly, the paper will appoint the application of artifacts, which in this case, the research will elaborate how artifacts initiate monsters into action. Fourthly, the document will present an argument on the freedom monster and how it has been applied to continuously cause belligerence against humans. Table of Contents Part I 5 Cultural moment to in the understanding the context 5 PART II 6 Poole’s Monsters in America 6 PART III 8 Appoi ntment of Artifacts in the interpretation of the two parts 8 PART IV 9 The Monsters of Freedom and development 9 The Metaphor of Monsters 10 Ambiguity and the Gates of difference 11 How Man create Monsters 12 The Presence of Monsters 13 The act of Self Consumption 14 Death and Mutation 15 Summary 16 Conclusion 17 PART I Cultural moment to in the understanding the context Scholarly, dreams present a vivid description, in which the writer focuses on social, economic and political issues. A dream may fail on the account of realism; however, descriptions presented in the dream may be applied to provide a coherent reflection of real life situations. In this case, the dream is consciously developing vivid description by applying logics and fact verification in the general concept of how practices, beliefs, and institutions are based. To present description, the combined application of art and science is so much influential in a dream, and in this case, the dream is analyzed on a rationali ty scale (Snow, 23). This exegesis will attempt to explore how a cultural moment – in this case influenced by dreams- creates substantive effects on the scope of social anxiety. The dream is largely applied by Goya to reflect on a given global revolution of Monsters, and how on several presentations social anxiety of the people is based on the economic and political account (Snow, 44). This reflection attempts to present how citizens consider and analyze themselves based on â€Å"self-fear, rejection, embarrassments, and criticism. Based on the setting period of the context, it is cognitive to understand, that the society was attacked diverse challenges, which by use of imagery they are presented by bats. The American cultural moment presented by sleep of reason has deep relation with scholarly aspect of thinking, intellect and cognition. Man attempts to comprehend the prevailing challenges, and analyzes them with cause, truth, effect and falsehood. However, it coherent to u nderstand that Sleep of Reason present a personal evaluation mechanism, at which the dreamer (read a citizen) will attempt to review his inner personal feeling, for the general good of the society. As this document will endeavor, self- conscious will attempt to alter attitudes, beliefs, institutions and beliefs of the society. The individual will evaluate personal self beliefs based on the prevailing cultural moment, and in this case, establish whether he meets the required humanism threshold of that

American Minorities and Sports Essay Example for Free

American Minorities and Sports Essay Sports have always had an enormous impact on American society and culture. People use sports at all levels, whether it’s youth, high school, college or professional, to help build an identity, connect with others and grow as individuals. Even though American is a diverse country made up of different races, nationalities and ethnicities, discrimination has been in issue throughout America’s history. Sports took on an even greater meaning for some minorities during the 20th Century, especially Europeans and blacks. They used sports as a means of vertical mobility in order to advance themselves socially in America. The idea of social mobility was one concept that originally drew many immigrants to the country. Between 1880 and 1915, around 26 million immigrants moved to the United States, and about half came from several areas of Europe (Moore, 2011a). America offered the chance for people to better themselves and someone from any background could become successful and rise above their parents. During this time, Americans were already viewing sports as an important and democratic part of life, because it judged people on their talent and skill alone (Reiss, 1980). Competition was an opportunity to prove and show off your â€Å"manliness† and power. Sports were also seen as a way to gain vertical mobility, and for Europeans, it was a way to become more accepted into the American culture. Although they received more respect than blacks, they mostly were not considered truly â€Å"American† (Moore, 2011a). Boxing was a popular sport among young immigrants. Boxing was a sport that proved â€Å"manliness† and toughness, and turning professional meant chances to earn prize money. Most immigrants from Europe lived on the East Coast in cities that quickly became crowded and poor, and fighting was a functional skill to learn while living in the ghetto neighborhoods (Reiss, 1980). Boxing became a social ladder for ethnic groups since one group seemed to dominate until another group became better. Whoever were better boxers at the time were viewed as the tougher race. In the 1800’s and early 1900’s the Irish held most of the Heavyweight Championship titles, with boxers like John L. Sullivan, Jack Kilrain and Gene Tunney (Sowell, 1983). In the 1920’s and 30’s Jews began to have success in the ring, with 1913 being the only year in since the start of the century that there was no Jewish champion. In the two decade span they held 18 titles (Moore, 2011a). These champions were important to the Jewish in proving their worth to the country and countering the discrimination that the Nazis in Germany were trying to spread. Boxing for European ethnic minorities served as a way to prove their race’s toughness, and prizefighting was a way to leave the poor ghettos and make a decent life for themselves. Italians were slower than other groups in their involvement with sports. Between 1899 and 1924 about 4 million immigrated to the United States and settled in the crowded East Coast cities (Reiss, 1980). The Progressive movement was gaining popularity at the time, but because of their past in Italy, many Italians mistrusted governments telling them what to do and what their children should do (Moore, 2011a). However, 2nd generation Italian-American children were given opportunities to play sports through the creation of the Public School Athletic League. In 1905 historian Camillo Cianfarra tracked the Italian youth development in sports and observed: â€Å"In our public elementary school competitions, our children are not inferior to the children of other nationalities, in the lists of gymnastic [track and field] winners the Italian names appear quite frequently as they appear in the rosters of teams involved in inter-high school competition† (Reiss, 1980). Baseball soon became a popular sport with the Italians, and they became very successful with the sport. By the time of the Depression, Italians were becoming a majority in the Major Leagues (Moore, 2011a). Italians success in baseball gave them social mobility, but they were also still discriminated against. Some of the best players in the league in the 1930’s were Joe DiMaggio, Tony Lazzeri, Frank Crosetti and Ernie Lombardi (Baldassaro, 2005). Joe DiMaggio helped Italians gain more exposure and respect when he became the best player in the league and an American celebrity (Moore, 2011a). Blacks in the United States had similar involvement as the Europeans with ports and social mobility, although they faced much more discrimination and rejection than the other minorities. Blacks used sports as a main way to try and prove their equality to the rest of the country. They viewed successful black athletes as heroes and passionately supported them, and used them as a more subtle channel to showcase their fight against the discrimination and hate that they faced daily. Boxing featured several black champions and was a popular sport, just like it was with the European minorities. One of the earliest black champions was Peter Jackson, an Australian who won the Heavyweight Championship over there in 1886. He traveled to America in 1988 to fight John L. Sullivan, who held the Heavyweight Title, but Sullivan refused to fight him because he was black. Besides that setback, he was considered one of the best boxers of the time, and blacks loved him because he was a respectable man and proved black equality with his victories. Frederick Douglass at the time said, â€Å"Peter is doing a great deal with his fist to solve the Negro question† (Moore, 2011b). He was also respected within the white community because he never bragged or belittled an opponent (Moore, 2011b). People around the country of any race looked up to him as a role model. Although Peter Jackson helped gain some respect for blacks in white America, it wasn’t until Joe Louis that Americans found a black athlete that was embraced as an American hero. Louis was born in Alabama in 1914 as the son a sharecropper and great grandson of a slave. His family moved to Detroit in 1924 where he soon took up boxing. After ten years of hard work he won the Golden Gloves as a light heavyweight and his career took off from there. One of his biggest victories was against former heavyweight champion Primo Carnera in front of a crowd of 62,000 at Yankee Stadium (Official Site, n. d. ). Louis’s symbol as an American hero though didn’t fully happen until he avenged his loss against German champion Max Schmeling with a first-round knockout in 1938, during the time of the Nazi’s dominance in Europe. It was this victory that caused the American people to see him not as just another black fighter, but as an American hero. It helped to counter the impression of successful black athletes that Jack Johnson, the previous black heavyweight champion, had left, and in a way almost transcended his race (Schwartz, n. d. ). â€Å"What my father did was enable white America to think of him as an American, not as a black,† said his son, Joe Louis Jr. â€Å"By winning, he became America’s first black hero† (Schwartz, n. d. ). In the 1960’s, black athletes used the world’s biggest sporting stage to fight racism and show their protest against the discrimination that they were still facing. In October 1967 the Olympic Project for Human Rights was established by sociologist Harry Edwards and others, mainly athletes. The goal of the organization was to protest segregation and racism in sport and society. A boycott of the 1968 Mexico City Olympics was suggested but never happened, yet several members still used the Games as an opportunity for the organization. Many on the US Track and Field team wore black socks as support of the black community, or badges of the OPHR (Henderson, n. d. ). The most famous act of protest however was from sprinters Tommie Smith and John Carlos, who finished 1st and 3rd in the 200m final. On the medal podium, they each raised a fist while wearing a black glove. The act led to the International Olympic Committee president, Avery Brundage, suspending them from the rest of the competition and forcing them to leave (Moore, 1991). Although the protest had negative consequences for the sprinters, it was another key moment in sports that showed how the black community rallied around its athletes and used sports as a way to come together and fight for civil rights. Sports and competition were important in minorities efforts to advance in 20th century America through vertical mobility, although the reasons were different for each race. Europeans struggled with adjusting to a new country and culture, and sports helped serve as a way to assimilate more with the American culture and be accepted. Because of the large numbers of immigrants in the late 1800‘s and early 1900‘s, most lived in poor, crowded urban areas. Being successful in sports meant a chance to become professional, leave behind poverty, and make a life for yourself. It was essentially the â€Å"American Dream. † Sports had a slightly different meaning for black Americans. The United States was still a country of discrimination and oppression, and black society used their successful athletes to empower and unite them. Through heroes like Joe Louis, they fought against the discrimination and tried to prove their equality to whites. Both minorities in the 20th century viewed sports as a key tool in their struggle for acceptance in American society.

The Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay -- Advertisements Advertisin

The Portrayal of Women in the Media Redbook magazine are devoted to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has only 210 pages. Approximately 6-8 min of every half hour television show is produced by ad agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertisements. We see them everyday in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study America’s population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences. These differences include gender, sexual orientation, economic status, location, race, ethnicity, and more. Advertisers have substantial knowledge of what appeals to each of these demographics and how these demographics will respond to different stimuli (i.e. visual audio, ect.) as well as where the advertising will be most effective. In other words, advertisers find it more beneficial to target specific audiences (Furnham; Mak, 1999). One of the central audiences that advertisers focus their attention on is women. Being such a large part of society, American women are targeted along with every other group. Ads placed where women are most likely to see them are custom tailored for women. Studies give ad agencies an accurate idea of what it is that they need to show women in order to get them to buy their product and their brand. If these ads can improve a woman’s mood her increased euphoria will subliminally be linked with the stimulus (the ad). This will, in turn, have a positive effect on their attitudes toward the product and brand (Simpson; Horton, 1996). There are several strategies that are popular in both television and magazines, many of which involve images of men. Advertisers use images of men by themselves or in a variety of positions and settings to appeal to women. By far, the most common image of men in advertising is of that of the â€Å"young, white, able-bodied, and staunchly heterosex ual† man (Jackson, 1994). The vast amount companies spend to advertise is proof in itself; these ads sell products. It should be noted that all television commercials analyzed in this paper come from the Lifetime network between 1pm and 3pm. The slogan of this network is â€Å"Lifetime: Television for Women†. Basic Gender Differences Studies involving both normal and brain damaged individuals have shown associations between gender and neuralgic activity... ...Dennis A.; Cornish, Ian M. â€Å"Conservatism and Gender in the Perception of Sex-Roles in Television Advertisements†. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1993, Vol. 77, p642. Melvin, Thomas E.; Treiber, Linda A. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Status: A Content Analysis of Print Advertisements in Four Popular Magazines†. Sociological Spectrum. Jul-Sep 2000, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p357. Meyers-Levy, Joan. â€Å"Gender Differences in Cortical Organization: Social and Biochemical Antecedents and Advertising Consequences†. Ed. Eddie M. Clark et al. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. Prakash, Ved. â€Å"Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences†. Journal of Advertising Research. May/Jun 1992, Vol. 32, Issue 3, p43. Simpson, Penny M.; Horton, Steve. â€Å"Male Nudity in Advertisements: A modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects†. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Summer 1996, Vol. 24, Issue 3, p257. Stern, Barbara B.; Holbrook, Morris B. â€Å"Gender and Genre in the Interpretation of Advertising Text†. Gender Issues and Consumer Behavior. Ed. Janeen Arnold Costa. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer. St. Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993. The Portrayal of Women in the Media Essay -- Advertisements Advertisin The Portrayal of Women in the Media Redbook magazine are devoted to selling products ranging from shoes to shampoo. The entire magazine only has only 210 pages. Approximately 6-8 min of every half hour television show is produced by ad agencies. Americans are bombarded with advertisements. We see them everyday in many different forms and through different mediums. Advertisers study America’s population through a systematic breakdown and analysis of our likes and dislikes in relation to our differences. These differences include gender, sexual orientation, economic status, location, race, ethnicity, and more. Advertisers have substantial knowledge of what appeals to each of these demographics and how these demographics will respond to different stimuli (i.e. visual audio, ect.) as well as where the advertising will be most effective. In other words, advertisers find it more beneficial to target specific audiences (Furnham; Mak, 1999). One of the central audiences that advertisers focus their attention on is women. Being such a large part of society, American women are targeted along with every other group. Ads placed where women are most likely to see them are custom tailored for women. Studies give ad agencies an accurate idea of what it is that they need to show women in order to get them to buy their product and their brand. If these ads can improve a woman’s mood her increased euphoria will subliminally be linked with the stimulus (the ad). This will, in turn, have a positive effect on their attitudes toward the product and brand (Simpson; Horton, 1996). There are several strategies that are popular in both television and magazines, many of which involve images of men. Advertisers use images of men by themselves or in a variety of positions and settings to appeal to women. By far, the most common image of men in advertising is of that of the â€Å"young, white, able-bodied, and staunchly heterosex ual† man (Jackson, 1994). The vast amount companies spend to advertise is proof in itself; these ads sell products. It should be noted that all television commercials analyzed in this paper come from the Lifetime network between 1pm and 3pm. The slogan of this network is â€Å"Lifetime: Television for Women†. Basic Gender Differences Studies involving both normal and brain damaged individuals have shown associations between gender and neuralgic activity... ...Dennis A.; Cornish, Ian M. â€Å"Conservatism and Gender in the Perception of Sex-Roles in Television Advertisements†. Perceptual and Motor Skills. 1993, Vol. 77, p642. Melvin, Thomas E.; Treiber, Linda A. â€Å"Race, Gender, and Status: A Content Analysis of Print Advertisements in Four Popular Magazines†. Sociological Spectrum. Jul-Sep 2000, Vol. 20, Issue 3, p357. Meyers-Levy, Joan. â€Å"Gender Differences in Cortical Organization: Social and Biochemical Antecedents and Advertising Consequences†. Ed. Eddie M. Clark et al. Hillsdale: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. Prakash, Ved. â€Å"Sex Roles and Advertising Preferences†. Journal of Advertising Research. May/Jun 1992, Vol. 32, Issue 3, p43. Simpson, Penny M.; Horton, Steve. â€Å"Male Nudity in Advertisements: A modified Replication and Extension of Gender and Product Effects†. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science. Summer 1996, Vol. 24, Issue 3, p257. Stern, Barbara B.; Holbrook, Morris B. â€Å"Gender and Genre in the Interpretation of Advertising Text†. Gender Issues and Consumer Behavior. Ed. Janeen Arnold Costa. Thousand Oaks: Sage, 1994. Sutherland, Max. Advertising and the Mind of the Consumer. St. Leonards: Allen and Unwin, 1993.

Ielts Writing

In all over the world, especially those developed, child obesity becomes a serious issue and most of the parents just find it insurmountable. In fact, causes of child obesity are traceable. First, is the habit of eating junk food. We can easily reach a McDonalds or KFC on the street in the developed world like U. S. and be exposed to Coca Cola and Pepsi's advertisements. Children always want something taste good regardless of their nutrition nor fats.Parents usually ask their children to have fewer cans of coke while keep buying a dozen of cans home. Unless the parents play a more active role to help change their children's eating habit. Otherwise, obesity seems to be an unending problem. Secondly, a lack of physical exercise does matter. Children in developed world are generally wealthier. Most of the time they may be busy in playing play station and sitting down all day. The only exercise that they do are walk to the fringe to get a can of coke or to the toilet.They rarely go out f or a walk. Although there is PE lesson in school, children have it only once a week, which is far to effective. The raise of internet also leads to the above problem, as quite a lot of children have been addicted to some social network or Apps on mobile. The effects come along the obesity hurt not only the physical health but also the mental health of the obese child. Obesity can lead to heart related diseases. Once the children get overweight, they can hardly do any exercise because their bulky body.When they grow older, they may start suffering from low self-esteem since they care more about their own appearance and their weight may become a joke. This worsen the obesity problem as some of them may not want to get out of the house any more. It is understandable that children are of less self-control. So to cure obesity, parents, teachers and government ought to share the responsibilities. Parents should take the initiative to stop their child from having too much junk food. Teache rs can tell the students what are junk food' s cons while the schools should provide healthier lunch. Read also: Principles of Good Writing by L.A. HillThe government can put a limit on the amount of soft drinks and junk food advertisement as well as promote the pros of having regular exercises, building more facilities for public to enjoy doing exercises. To conclude, child obesity in developed world is not uncommon, the main reason is people become lazier when the society and technology become advanced. Both of parents, teachers and government have to by all means help the children to build up a good eating habit since they are the future of the society and health is the most valuable thing to them.

Business Analysis Of The Print Shop Accounting Essay

The Print Shop and Anglian Digital Solutions have been merchandising since 1998 and prides itself on quality and dependability. We produce both litho-printing aimed at medium to long tallies, and digital printing for print tallies of up to 1000 transcripts. Both of our printing services are backed with our in-house design studio to assist give your concern the border. We like to impart our client ‘s demands right, bring forthing your merchandise in the most cost effectual manner so we have split the company into two different concern watercourses. The Print Shop for all lithographic demands and Anglian Digital Solutions for digital print. All citations are channeled into the right concern watercourse to give you value for money.Accounting:Accounting is the art of recording, sum uping, coverage, and analysing fiscal minutess. An accounting system can be a simple, useful cheque registry, or, as with Microsoft Office Small Business Accounting 2006, it can be a complete record of all the activities of a concern, supplying inside informations of every facet of the concern, leting the analysis of concern tendencies, and supplying penetration into future chances. When you study accounting you are basically larning this specialised linguistic communication. This is because the information required by most organisations is really similar and can be broken down into three chief classs:Operating InformationThis is the information that is needed on a daily footing in order for the organisation to carry on its concern. Employees need to acquire paid, gross revenues need to be tracked, the sums owed to other organisations or persons need to be tracked, the sum of money the organisation has needs to be monitored, the sums that clients owe the organisation demand to be checked, any stock list demands to be accounted for: the list goes on and on.AFiscal Accounting InformationThis is the information that is used by directors, stockholders, Bankss, creditors, the authorities, the populace, etcaˆÂ ¦ to do determinations affecting the organisation and its operations. Shareholders want information about what their investing is deserving and whether they should purchase or sell portions, bankers and other creditors want to cognize whether the org anisation has an ability to pay back money Lent, directors want to cognize how the company is making compared to other companies. This type of information would be really hard to pull out if every company used a different system for entering their fiscal place. Fiscal accounting information is capable to a set of land regulations that dictate how the information is reported and this ensures uniformity.AManagerial Accounting InformationIn order for the directors of a company to do the best determinations for a company they need to hold specific information prepared. They use this information for three chief direction maps: planning, execution and control. Fiscal information is used to put budgets, analyze different options on a cost footing, and modify programs as the demand arises, and control and supervise the work that is being done.ABalance SheetA Balance Sheet is a position study that shows information about the organisation ‘s resources at one given clip. Examples of info rmation found on a balance sheet are how much hard currency is in the bank, what is owed to creditors, and the value of the company ‘s assets.Income StatementAn Income Statement ( besides called a Statement of Net incomes, Statement of Operations, or a Net income and Loss Statement ) is a study that shows the flow of grosss ( sums earned from concern activity ) and disbursals ( sums paid in the class of operations ) over a given period of clip, typically a month, one-fourth, or twelvemonth.Statement of Cash FlowAs the name suggests, this is besides a flow statement that inside informations the motion of hard currency through the organisation over a specified period.AThe whole intent of accounting is to supply information that is utile and relevant for interested paras when doing determinations sing the company and its operations. In order to make that efficaciously, a specific linguistic communication and subsequent regulations have been developed for users of the information. By larning accounting you learn these regulations and can so pass on fiscal information with others in a comprehendible and comparable mode.Finance Operation:It is an authorization which is discerning with finding the criterions and determinations doing. It besides function allocates resources, including the geting, puting, and managing of resources. These maps are performed in all organisations, irrespective of their sizes, legal signifiers of organisation and they contribute to the endurance and growing of the house. Finance maps are concerned with the basic concern activities of a house, in add-on to external environmental factors which affect basic concern activities, viz. , production and selling. Current fiscal factors impacting the finance map include: Pressures to optimise fiscal public presentation Frequent alterations in accounting criterions Increased coverage and revelation demands Increased conformity demandsAccounting Techniques:Control techniques provide directors with the type and sum of information they need to mensurate and supervise public presentation. The information from assorted controls must be tailored to a specific direction degree, section, unit, or operation. To guarantee complete and consistent information, organisations frequently use standardised paperss such as fiscal, position, and undertaking studies. Each country within an organisation, nevertheless, uses its ain specific control techniques, described in the undermentioned subdivisions.Fiscal controls:After the organisation has schemes in topographic point to make its ends, financess are set aside for the necessary resources and labour. As money is spent, statements are updated to reflect how much was spent, how it was spent, and what it obtained. Directors use these fiscal statements, such as an income statement or balance sheet, to supervise the advancement of plans and programs. Fiscal statements supply direction with information to supervise fiscal resources and activities. The â€Å" income statement † shows the consequences of the organisation ‘s operations over a period of clip, such as grosss, disbursals, and net income or loss. The â€Å" balance sheet † shows what the organisation is deserving ( assets ) at a individual point in clip, and the extent to which those assets were financed through debt ( liabilities ) or proprietor ‘s investing ( equity ) . Fiscal audits, or formal probes, are on a regular basis conducted to guarantee that fiscal direction patterns follow by and large accepted processs, policies, Torahs, and ethical guidelines. Financial ratio analysis examines the relationship between specific figures on the fiscal statements and helps explicate the significance of those figures: Liquidity ratios: step an organisation ‘s ability to bring forth hard currency. Profitability ratios: step an organisation ‘s ability to bring forth net incomes. Debt ratios step an organisation ‘s ability to pay its debts. Activity ratios: step an organisation ‘s efficiency in operations and usage of assets. In add-on, fiscal duty centres require directors to account for a unit ‘s advancement toward fiscal ends within the range of their influences. A director ‘s ends and duties may concentrate on unit net incomes, costs, grosss, or investings.Budget controls:A budget depicts how much an organisation expects to pass ( disbursals ) and earn ( grosss ) over a clip period. Sums are categorized harmonizing to the type of concern activity or history, such as telephone costs or gross revenues of catalogs. Budgets non merely aid directors plan their fundss, but besides assist them maintain path of their overall disbursement. Budget development processes vary among organisations harmonizing to who does the budgeting and how the fiscal resources are allocated. Some budget development methods are as follows: Top-down budgeting: Directors prepare the budget and direct it to subsidiaries. Bottom-up budgeting: Figures come from the lower degrees and are adjusted and coordinated as they move up the hierarchy. Zero-based budgeting: Directors develop each new budget by warranting the jutting allotment against its part to departmental or organisational ends. Flexible budgeting: Any budget exercising can integrate flexible budgets, which set â€Å" meet or round † criterions that can be compared to outgos.Selling controls:Selling controls help supervise advancement toward ends for client satisfaction with merchandises and services, monetary values, and bringing. The following are illustrations of controls used to measure an organisation ‘s selling maps: Market research gathers data to measure client needs-information critical to an organisation ‘s success. Ongoing market research reflects how good an organisation is run intoing clients ‘ outlooks and helps expect client demands. Marketing statistics step public presentation by roll uping informations and analysing consequences. In most instances, competence with a computing machine spreadsheet plan is all a director needs. Directors look at selling ratios, which step profitableness, activity, and market portions, every bit good as gross revenues quotas, which step advancement toward gross revenues ends and aid with stock list controls. Unfortunately, scheduling a regular rating of an organisation ‘s selling plan is easier to urge than to put to death.Human resource controls:Human resource controls aid directors modulate the quality of freshly hired forces, every bit good as proctor current employees ‘ developments and day-to-day public presentations. On a day-to-day footing, directors can travel a long manner in assisting to command workers ‘ behaviours in organisations. They can assist direct workers ‘ public presentations toward ends by doing certain the ends are clearly set and understood. Directors can besides establish policies and processs to assist steer workers ‘ actions. Common control types include public presentation assessments, disciplinary plans, observations, and preparation and development appraisals. Because the quality of a house ‘s forces, to a big grade, determines the house ‘s overall effectivity, commanding this country is really important. Performance restrictions: Although direction information systems have the possible to increase overall public presentation, replacing long-time organisational employees with information systems engineering may ensue in the loss of adept cognition that these persons hold. Additionally, computerized information systems are expensive and hard to develop. After the system has been purchased, organizing it-possibly with bing equipment-may be more hard than expected. Consequently, a company may cut corners or put in the system heedlessly to the hurt of the system ‘s public presentation and public-service corporation. And like other sophisticated electronic equipment, information systems do non work all the clip, ensuing in dearly-won downtime. Behavioral restrictions: Information engineering allows directors to entree more information than of all time before. But excessively much information can overpower employees, cause emphasis, and even slow determination devising. Therefore, pull offing the quality and sum of information available to avoid information overload is of import. Health hazards: Potentially serious health-related issues associated with the usage of computing machines and other information engineerings have been raised in recent old ages. An illustration is carpal tunnel syndrome, a painful upset in the custodies and carpuss caused by insistent motions ( such as those made on a keyboard ) . Regardless of the control processes used, an effectual system determines whether employees and assorted parts of an organisation are on mark in accomplishing organisational aims.Statistical Techniques to Test a Hypothesis:A statistical hypothesis trial is a method of doing statistical determinations utilizing experimental informations. In statistics, a consequence is called statistically important if it is improbable to hold occurred by opportunity. The phrase â€Å" trial of significance † was coined by Ronald Fisher: â€Å" Critical trials of this sort may be called trials of significance, and when such trials are available we may detect whether a 2nd sample is or is non significantly different from the first. Hypothesis testing is sometimes called confirmatory informations analysis, in contrast to exploratory informations analysis. In frequence chance, these determinations are about ever made utilizing null-hypothesis trials ; that is, 1s that answer the inquiry â€Å" Assuming that the void hypothesis is true, what is the chance of detecting a value for the trial statistic that is at least every bit utmost as the value that was really observed † ? One usage of hypothesis testing is make up one's minding whether experimental consequences contain adequate information to project uncertainty on conventional wisdom. Statistical hypothesis testing is a cardinal technique of frequents statistical illation, and is widely used, but besides much criticized. The chief direct option to statistical hypothesis testing is Bayesian illation. However, other attacks to making a determination based on informations are available via determination theory and optimum determinations. The critical part of a hypothesis trial is the set of all results which, if they occur, will take us to make up one's mind that there is a difference. That is, do the void hypothesis to be rejected in favour of the alternate hypothesis.Undertaking 2:Identifying Users of Accounting Information:So accounting exists in order to supply information for interested parties to do determinations, now we can logically inquire: ‘Who are these interested parties? ‘ and ‘For what sort of determinations is accounting information required? ‘ Figure 1.1 shows the major groups of people who have an involvement in an organisation. The figure relates to a private sector concern but minor changes in the rubrics of the participants would do it every bit relevant to any organisation – for illustration, a authorities section, a local authorities unit, a charity, a nationalized industry, a school or a college. Staying with the illustration of a private endeavor concern, we can place the types of determination that each of the participants might necessitate to do with regard to the organisation and the information required. These are as follows: proprietors, the authorities, direction, clients, providers of goods and services, loaners, employers, rivals and anteroom groups.OwnersAOwners are concerned with doing two types of determinations: Investing determinations ; and Stewardship decisions.A Investing determinations are chiefly concerned with increasing the wealth of the proprietors. Those who own concerns usually do so with the purpose of increasing their wealth. Therefore, proprietors will wish to measure the extent to which the concern has generated fiscal benefits ( net incomes etc. ) and the likely future chances of the concern. They will besides wish to measure the grade of hazard associated with their investing in the concern. Information associating to associated hazards and returns will be utile when make up one's minding whether to keep or sell their ownership involvement in the concern. In larger concerns, the proprietors tend non to exert daily control over the activities of the concern. Alternatively, directors will frequently run the concern on behalf of the proprietors. This possible struggle creates a demand among proprietors to have accounting information from the directors that reveals how the resources of the concern have been used. The proviso of information by directors to proprietors for this intent is referred to as stewardship accounting. Government: A authorities may necessitate information from a concern for a assortment of grounds including revenue enhancement, ordinance, economic direction and authorities contracts. Tax: A Businesss are taxed on the footing of their accounting net incomes ( capable to certain accommodations ) ; authorities ( in the signifier of the Inland Revenue ) needs information on each concern in order to make up one's mind how much revenue enhancement to charge. Economic direction: Governments may besides utilize accounting information associating to concerns to assist in the general direction of the economic system. For illustration, accounting information may be utile in make up one's minding whether to give support to concerns in a peculiar industry.Fiscal Statement Restrictions:The first restriction is that they are ever in the past tense†¦ they look back, non in front. Second, they merely reflect fiscal minutess. So all the of import things that are go oning in the company, the industry and the market place are non reflected†¦ has at that place been a direction reorganization, has the company fallen behind in merchandise development or engineering, has a rival late introduced a great merchandise, are at that place pending ordinances that will impact the company. Many things can impact the computation of ratios and do comparings hard. The restrictions include: The usage of estimations in apportioning costs to each period. The ratios will be every bit accurate as the estimations. The cost rule is used to fix fiscal statements. Financial information is non adjusted for monetary value alterations or inflation/deflation. Companies have a pick of accounting methods. These differences impact ratios and do it hard to compare companies utilizing different methods. Companies may hold different financial twelvemonth ends doing comparing hard if the industry is cyclical. Diversified companies are hard to sort for comparing intents. Fiscal statement analysis does non supply replies to all the users ‘ inquiries. In fact, it normally generates more inquiries.Non Financial Key Performance Indexs:Non-financial cardinal public presentation indexs, or KPIs, enable companies to mensurate the consequences of theirA † corporate duty and sustainability † A enterprises. By integrating the appropriate KPIs into their procedure, companies can derive a more comprehensive apprehension of how good they are run intoing their corporate duty aims. As organisations embark on environmental, societal and governance enterprises, they are detecting that fiscal steps entirely do non supply an accurate appraisal of their corporate duty advancement. For illustration, traditional fiscal indexs do non to the full capture all facets of a company ‘s relationships with its clients, employees and providers, or stand for its attempts with regard to sustainability.Budgets and Budgetary Function:Budget:A budget is a program expressed in quantitative, normally pecuniary term, covering a specific period of clip, normally one twelvemonth. In other words a budget is a systematic program for the use of work force and material resources. In a concern organisation, a budget represents an estimation of future costs and grosss. Budgets may be divided into two basic categories: Capital Budgets and Operating Budgets. Capital budgets are directed towards proposed outgos for new undertakings and frequently require particular funding. The operating budgets are directed towards accomplishing short-run operational ends of the organisation, for case, production or net income ends in a concern house. Operating budgets may be sub-divided into assorted departmental of functional budgets.The chief features of a budget are:1. It is prepared in progress and is derived from the long-run scheme of the organisation. 2. It relates to future period for which objectives or ends have already been laid down. It is expressed in quantitative signifier, physical or pecuniary units, or both. Different types of budgets are prepared for different purposed e.g. Gross saless Budget, Production Budget, Administrative Expense Budget, Raw-material Budget etc. All these sectional budgets are afterwards integrated into a maestro budget, which represents an overall program of the organisation.Budgetary Control:No system of planning can be successful without holding an effectual and efficient system of control. Budgeting is closely connected with control. The exercising of control in the organisation with the aid of budgets is known as budgetary control. The procedure of budgetary control includes: 1. Preparation of assorted budgets. 2. Continuous comparing of existent public presentation with budgetary public presentation. 3. Revision of budgets in the visible radiation of changed fortunes. A system of budgetary control should non go stiff. There should be adequate range of flexibleness to supply for single enterprise and thrust. Budgetary control is an of import device for doing the organisation. More efficient on all foreparts. It is an of import tool for commanding costs and accomplishing the overall aims.Alternate Methods for Cost Analysis:There is a assortment of attacks to be analysis, the suitableness of any of which depends upon the intent of an appraisal and the handiness of informations and other resources. It is seldom possible or necessary to place and quantify all costs and all benefits ( or outcomes ) , and the units used to quantify these may differ. Main types of cost analysis include the undermentioned. Cost-of-illness analysis: a finding of the economic impact of an unwellness or status ( typically on a given population, part, or state ) e.g. , of smoke, arthritis or pressure sores, including associated intervention costs Cost-minimization analysis: a finding of the least dearly-won among alternate intercessions that are assumed to bring forth tantamount results Cost-effectiveness analysis ( CEA ) : a comparing of costs in pecuniary units with results in quantitative non-monetary units, e.g. , reduced mortality or morbidity Cost-utility analysis ( CUA ) : a signifier of cost-effectiveness analysis that compares costs in pecuniary units with results in footings of their public-service corporation, normally to the patient, measured, e.g. , in QALYs Cost-consequence analysis: a signifier of cost-effectiveness analysis that presents costs and results in distinct classs, without aggregating or burdening them Cost-benefit analysis ( CBA ) : compares costs and benefits, both of which are quantified in common pecuniary units.Restrictions of Budgetary Controls:The aim of direction accounting is to assist directors accomplish the missions and schemes established for their endeavor. It is a subdivision of accounting that provides fiscal and other information to directors. A cardinal function for direction comptrollers is to set up the control systems used to accomplish organisational ends and minimise hazards. One of the most of import of these is budgetary control, a powerful tool that encourages planning, sets mileposts, evaluates public presentation and suggests waies for betterment. Management comptrollers besides develop information systems that communicate strategic and operational precedences to managerial determination shapers. The aim of this class is to assist participants better understand the function and operation of the budget control and to locate it within the larger context of direction control. Using cognition already acquired in earlier degrees of the MBA plan, this class will allow pupils to get cognition on: – the public-service corporation and operation of a budget control procedure ; – the design of the budgetary control system as a map of the organisational scheme ; – the finding of cost behaviour ; – the usage of budgets to pull off grosss, costs and net incomes ; – the relationship between direction control and organisational construction ; – the organisation of fiscal information in a comprehendible, flexible, accessible and utile signifier to authorise determination devising ; – the rating of public presentation for different administrative units within the organisational construction ; – the development and usage of non fiscal public presentation steps.Undertaking 3:Business Evaluation:It is a procedure and a set of processs used to gauge the economic value of an proprietor ‘s involvement in a concern. Evaluation is used by fiscal market participants to find the monetary value they are willing to pay or have to consummate a sale of a concern. In add-on to gauging the merchandising monetary value of a concern, the same rating tools are frequently used by concern valuators to decide differences related to estate and gift revenue enhancement, divorce judicial proceeding, allocate concern purchase monetary value among concern assets, set up a expression for gauging the value of spouses ‘ ownership involvement for buy-sell understandings, and many other concern and legal intents.Methods for Measuring a Business:Asset AccumulationThe Asset Approach is based on the premiss that it is by and large possible to neutralize the belongings, works and equipmen t ( PP & A ; E ) assets of a company and after paying off the company ‘s liabilities the net returns would accrue to the equity of the company.Discounted hard currency flow methodThis rating method based on free hard currency flow is considered a strong tool because it concentrates on hard currency coevals potency of a concern. Since hazards are non ever easy to find exactly, Beta uses historic informations to mensurate the sensitiveness of the company ‘s hard currency flow, for illustration, through concern rhythms.Market ValueThis rating method is applicable for quoted companies merely. The market value is determined by multiplying the quoted portion monetary value of the company by the figure of issued portions. This rating reflects the monetary value that the market at a point in clip is prepared to pay for the portions. This rating method loosely takes into history the investors ‘ perceptual experiences about the public presentation of the company and the dire ction ‘s capablenesss to present a return on their investings.Corporate Hazard:It is a planetary, full-service concern intelligence and hazard direction house. We offer clients a full suite of services to cut down exposures to planetary hazards, A prehend upon concern chances, andA protect employees and assets. Our clients run or seek to run in many of the universe ‘s emerging markets, A and our services are designed to extenuate the hazards of prospecting and runing in these hard parts. We provide the insight necessary for clients to do of import concern determinations in a timely, efficient and comprehensive mode.Cost of Capital:The cost of capital is the cost of a company ‘s financess ( both debt and equity ) , or, from an investor ‘s point of position â€Å" the expected return on a portfolio of all the company ‘s bing securities. † It is used to measure new undertakings of a company as it is the minimal return that investors expect for suppl ying capital to the company, therefore puting a benchmark that a new undertaking has to run into.Debt vs. Equity:There are two types of funding: equity and debt funding. When looking for money, you must see your company ‘s fiscal strength. The more money proprietors have invested in their concern, the easier it is to pull funding. If your house has a high ratio of equity to debt, you should likely seek debt funding. However, if your company has a high proportion of debt to equity, experts advise that you should increase your ownership capital ( equity investing ) for extra financess. That manner you wo n't be over-leveraged to the point of endangering your company ‘s endurance.Factors Effecting Capital Cost Structures:Business hazard:Hazard associated with the nature of the industry the concern operates and if the concern hazard is higher the optimum capital construction is required.Tax place:Debt capital is regarded as cheaper because involvement payable is deductible f or revenue enhancement intents. Advantage non much for concerns with undiminished revenue enhancement losingss, depreciation revenue enhancement shield as they already have an bing lower revenue enhancement load.Fiscal flexibleness:Depends on how easy a concern can set up finance on sensible footings under inauspicious conditions. Flexibility in raising finance will be influenced by the economic environment ( handiness of rescuers and involvement rates ) and the fiscal place of the concern.Managerial manner:How much to borrow besides depend on directors approach to finance hazard. Conservative directors will usual seek to maintain the debt equity ratio depression.Decision:The concern analysis performed by analyst reduces waste, creates solutions, completes undertakings on clip, Improves efficiency, Document the right demands and it besides reduces the hazard and helps in the growing of the company.

For KICKS essays

For KICKS essays Daniel Roke, an experienced Australian stud farmer, has been hired to investigate a series of horse dopings throughout Englands racing circuit. Dan, hoping to break free from his dull and tedious life in Australia, accepted the offer when it was presented to him by The Earl of October. Seeing as how October was one of the most respected and successful people in the business, Dan was offered 20,000 pounds for the completion of his job. With his family in mind Dan set off to Octobers stables where he first began the mission that would change his life forever. In Dick Franciss newest mystery novel, For Kicks, Daniel Roke discovers his true self by risking life and limb trying to expose the secret underground world of horse doping. Disguised as a stable lad, Dan makes his way through some of the dirtiest stables in England starting at Octobers and working his way down to Hedly Humbers, all while earning the reputation of a criminal. Dans investigation takes him to places hed never been before and makes him an enemy as well as a friend to many. Dan quickly learns that people who would abuse horses would do far worse to humans and that as soon as you enter Humbers stable its no holds barred. The author uses Daniel Roke, a well-known stud farmer in Australia, to depict the harsh realities of horse racing that many overlook. Throughout Dans adventure he begins to realize how badly stable lads are treated and how often they are stereotyped as being terrible people. He also finds it extremely difficult to stand by and allow people to abuse horses the way they. Dan absolutely hates the disrespect and cruelty that the horses have to withstand and is completely shocked when he witnesses it first hand. This exposure of corruption and hatred changes Dans view of horse racing completely. It opens his eyes to a different world, one of which he wishes badly not to be apart of. This experienc ...