Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit Essay

Introduction to Management, Information Systems and Organisations unit - Essay Example Red Rose Entertainment is a video shop which was established in 2000 in Queens Town, Australia. Since its inception, the shop mainly relied on catalogue cards when issuing videos to the customers. However, the organisation has underscored to expand its operations and penetrate other areas but this requires it to adopt a new computerised system as well as hire more employees in order to improve on efficiency. In order to meet the changing demands of the environment to be more flexible there is pressure from the workers who want to be developed and trained to play a part in decision making in areas that affect them and their work. Leadership is defined as the ability to influence a group of people towards the achievement of organisational goals (Robins S.P., Odendaal A.& Roodt G. 2001). Basically, leadership is concerned with the vision of the organisation and it should be noted that leading is a function of management where a leader instigates change that is aimed towards the achievement of the organisational goals. The leadership and the employees ought to work hand in hand in order to achieve the vision of the organisation which has underscored to expand its operations. A leader often takes a leading role in developing and inspiring staff to improve on their performance which in turn leads to increased productivity in terms of offering satisfactory products and services to the customers with the aim of achieving organisational goals. A leader should always display positive traits that can be emulate by the juniors in the company. Basically, leadership is mainly concerned with taking a long term perspective of the organisation where a leader seeks to motivate the members of staff through developing relationships of trust among the workers (Bates et al 2005). In the case of Red Rose Entertainment, democratic, participatory leadership style is more ideal as

Dubliners & country Essay Example for Free

Dubliners country Essay Dubliners is a book written by James Joyce and published by Penguin Classics. It has a collection of 15 short stories with wonderful plot, characters, and themes. It talks about interesting tales set in Dublin and various characters which show great love for their country in general. Readers will find themselves more than interested and glued to the leaves of the book. They will feel like they are in a roller coaster ride as the stories unfold before them, shifting from success to failure then back to success again. In her stories, the author shows a hint of his disappointments in some of the people of Dublin and the way they chose to live. The book, as a whole, presents the way of living in Dublin. Reading the stories in this book can make the reader feel that he or she is really in the setting of the story while personally interacting with the characters and sharing their lifes ups and downs with them. The author used words that catch images and achieve a clearer picture through the marvelously written words on the books pages. In addition, the use of the color gold reveals that the author associated this color to his country. It is a country full of dreams and dreamers. In the book, Joyce presented contrasting themes because there are stories about the country that will attract readers to visit the place while there are parts of the book that make readers feel to never step on that place. However, later on readers will find themselves having a deep respect for the country and all the people who live there. The story â€Å"The Dead† is one of the stories of Dubliners that is not only interesting but also gives out ideas about love, marriage and relationship. It is about a failed marriage caused by relationship full of dishonesty and deception. Keeping secrets will really ruin a relationship. However, the author still showed love in the characters even though the relationship was already failing. Joyce wanted to imply that loving someone is possible despite all the problems. Loving means accepting the imperfections and giving unconditional love. Alcoholism also plays a great role in the Dubliners. The short stories entitled Little Cloud, Counterparts, and The Dead show that alcohol is a huge part of the lives of the characters. It is used by the characters to escape from reality and the problems that they have. At the same time, it is also used to enjoy and have merrymaking. The author also used alcohol to reveal the real situation during the time that he was writing the book. In fact, at that time, alcohol and alcohol abuse was really rampant. Alcohol can make or break ones personality which appears obviously on the life of the characters in the Dubliners. The book will let readers feel mixed emotions. There are happy moments but there are also moments of distress and depression. For instance, there were citizens of Dublin who escaped from the country, only to be imprisoned later on. It gives out a hopeless scenario of life during that time and shows a stagnant impression of Dublin. The short story entitled â€Å"Mother† is depressing and less entertaining. Nevertheless, the author wanted to show that the book was not only created for entertainment. It is a book that shows moving story for all ages. Words are really powerful in the book Dubliners. The author uses words that are gentle which later turns out to be full of angst. The emotion of good and bad is also shown. First you will feel the love and later on hate. There are stories which are depressing at first but end with full of hope. Upon reading Dubliners, I find myself fastened on my seat without taking any of my attention away from the stories. I was never disappointed with the way the author narrates the lives of the Dubliners. It is worthy of the time being spent on reading. It is a highly recommendable book to be read by everyone to achieve a sense of patriotism. Works Cited Joyce, James. Dubliners. London: Penguin Classics, 1956.

threats to Families :: essays research papers

Threats to Families A force threatening today’s families in America is strictly the society in which we live. Society has become more and more of a problem. The problem seems to be universal no matter what age you are. The influences of society seems to be changing and is very debatable. Violence, music, and traditions being broken are three key factors of society threatening families in today’s day and age. Values truly come from the family you were raised in and how you, personally, were brought up. Outside influences can have a positive or negative impact on the family as a whole or as an individual member of a family. The main threatening force is violence. Not only is it in movies and T.V.shows, but now it has gotten to the point where it is displayed in schools. For example, the Columbine shooting was totally unexpected; no one seemed to know about it. There’s not much a family can do in that particular situation. No matter how much a parent discusses the dangers of violence, a child still could be tempted by outside influences. A way to prevent this type of problem is to engage in a variety of community activities all together as a family and stress the importance of family values such as love and respect to the children being raised.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Music is a key factor on influencing a family unit today. The influences of music affect children in different ways. In the 1950’s, the attitude of music was very different than it is now. The music was much more innocent. Today, children relate to each other and are setting different standards for themselves in a negative way. Kids hear explicit lyrics which then encourage some of them to get involved in sexual activity or relationships that they are not ready for because they are too young. Children should not be influenced by lyrics of words, but sadly enough it is proven that they take lyrics literally and try and imitate that individual. Not only do children listen, but they also watch and learn from elders. A threatening force are all of the young pop stars who dress inappropriately and the children, once again, try and mimic them which is a very negative concern. The only way to prevent children from being negatively influenced is to monitor what the y are watching and what type of music he or she is listening to.

Order: Non-commissioned Officer and Lawful Orders

Following Lawful Orders Lawful orders are given for a reason and you should always obey them. For starters you should always obey lawful orders because you took an oath to do so when you joined the military. A lawful order must be followed, and done so in a timely manner. If you disagree with a lawful order, you must still follow it; you are required to follow a lawful order before you are permitted to question it. All officers and non commissioned officers appointed over you are held responsible for you and are in the keeping of the traditions and doctrines of the armed forces of the United States of America.Discipline is the only way to get a large group of people to do something that could make or break them. The military is all about discipline, which is obeying a lawful order. Military discipline and effectiveness is built on the foundation of obedience to orders. Soldiers are taught to obey immediately, and without question, orders from their superiors. If you fail to obey lawf ul orders there are many consequences. You could get an article 90 of the UCMJ, which makes it a crime to willfully disobey a superior commissioned officer.Article 91 of the UCMJ, makes it a crime to willfully disobey a superior noncommissioned or warrant officer. Article 92 of the UCMJ, makes it a crime to disobey any lawful order. It does not have to be â€Å"willful† under a article 92. The military recognizes that respect for authority is what maintains order and prevent the eruption of chaos and is hence willing to set an example for all who might be tempted to oppose their leaders, by administering punishment first hand without any judicial representatives. The Army and our commanding officers have our best interest at hand and they put in place the orders that they do for that reason.

Mousetrap Car

Law of Conservation of Energy said that Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. By winding the spring on your mousetrap car, you store energy in the spring as potential energy. This stored potential energy will convert energy into kinetic energy as the mouse-trap car begins to move. But there is friction and in order to overcome friction you have to do more work.Friction converts energy into heat and sound which takes away energy from your motion, causing the car to stop as its energy is turned into other forms. When designing a mousetrap car, there are two variables that truly determine the overall performance: friction and energy. If my mousetrap car has too much friction, the energy in the spring will be turned too quickly and my mousetrap car will not travel very far or accelerate very fast. The smaller the friction is, the farther the mousetrap will move my car.It your car has a force advantage, then your car will move super fast Law of Conservation of Energy said that Energy cannot be created or destroyed; it may be transformed from one form into another, but the total amount of energy never changes. By winding the spring on your mousetrap car, you store energy in the spring as potential energy. This stored potential energy will convert energy into kinetic energy as the mouse-trap car begins to move. But there is friction and in order to overcome friction you have to do more work.Friction converts energy into heat and sound which takes away energy from your motion, causing the car to stop as its energy is turned into other forms. When designing a mousetrap car, there are two variables that truly determine the overall performance: friction and energy. If my mousetrap car has too much friction, the energy in the spring will be turned too quickly and my mousetrap car will not travel very far or accelerate very fast. The smaller the friction is, the farther the mous etrap will move my car. It your car has a force advantage, then your car will move super fast

Campbell Soup Co. Essays - Management, American Brands, Free Essays

Campbell Soup Co. Essays - Management, American Brands, Free Essays Campbell Soup Co. 1. Company Overview Founded in 1869, Campbell Soup Company is one of the leaders in manufacturing from frozen dinners to retail garden centers. However Soup has been its core business. Some major brands of Campbell Soup Co. include Flagship red-and-white canned soup, Prego Spaghetti sauces, Godiva Chocolates, Pepperidge Farm baked goods, V8, etc. In addition, since 1980, Campbell Soup Co. has undergone three different strategies under thee different CEOs who brought their own agenda in order to build value for the company and its shareholders. For example, under Gordon McGoverns leadership (1980-1989), Campbells strategic focus was on developing and introducing new products and expansion of the business portfolio through acquisitions. Under David Johnson (1990 1997), The companies focus shifted to increasing sales growth, increase market share present), Campbells strategy focus continued to increase sales growth, increase market share & share holder value, but focus was shifted more towards profitable b usinesses with the highest growth potential and divestations of non strategic businesses 2. Problems / Strategic Issues Since 1980, Campbells corporate strategy and the companys business structure have undergone three significant changes. Each strategy was implemented under the leadership of three different CEOs: 1. 1980 1989, Gordon Morrison: o Expansion through acquisitions and development of new products. 2. 1990 1997, David Johnson: o Increase sales growth, increase market share & share holder value. 3. 1997 Present, Dale Morison: o Continue to increase sales growth, market share & share holder value. Campbells corporate strategy, under Gordon McGovern was expansion & development of new products to capitalize on consumer trends & improve operating efficiency. But this strategy turned out to be inefficient, as Campbells managers got too deeply involved in new-product development and neglected the performance of their existing products. In addition the expansion strategy led to unsuccessful diversification of Campbells business into industries that they had no expertise or competitive advantage. As a result, the companys cost of production went up and profit was reduced. Under David Johnson, the company restructured the business line and implemented a new corporate strategy. The new strategy was to eliminate unprofitable products and business units, improve communication and technology sharing between business units, and focus more on global marketing in order to increase sales growth, market share and shareholder value. This new strategy helped to increase operating margin and profits for the company. Some businesses were also able to improve their performances under Davids strategy. However, the company encountered some setbacks with its global marketing strategy. For example, the European market was harder than expected to penetrate for such products as Campbells soups. The company failed to detect that aggressive advertisement was needed to introduce The Soup products in Europe that caused sales to drop in those markets. When Dale Morison took over Campbell Soup as CEO, His goal was to enhance David Johnsons plan. He also restructured the companys business line structure further more and planned to Continue to increase sales growth, increase market share

The Sociology of the Family Unit

The Sociology of the Family Unit Sociology of the family is a subfield of sociology in which researchers examine the family as one of several key social institutions, and as a unit of socialization from a variety of sociological perspectives. The sociology of the family is a common component of introductory and pre-university academic curricula, as the family makes for a familiar and illustrative example of patterned social relations and dynamics. Overview Within the sociology of the family, there are several key areas of inquiry. These include: Focus on the demographic makeup of families, and how this shifts over time or from place to place. For example, research has found that millennial adults are more likely to live at home with their parents than any other previous generation.How social class affects a family and how the family itself might help or hinder the social mobility of its members.Social dynamics within families, including the specific roles family members play in relation to one another, and what families do together on a daily basis and in the long-term. Those interested in this aspect will be fascinated by the findings of the American Time Use Survey, which took a close look at family dynamics.How social and economic change affects families.How the family as an institution interacts with other institutions and social organizations.The diversity that families and households take. How do sociologists approach some of these key areas? Family and Culture Within the sociology of the family, one area that sociologists examine is the cultural factors that shape family structures and family processes. For example, how gender, age, race, and ethnicity influence family structure, and the relationships and practices within each family. They also look at the demographic characteristics of family members across and within cultures and how they have changed over time. Family Relationships Another area studied under the sociology of the family is relationships. This includes the stages of coupling (courtship, cohabitation, engagement, and marriage), relationships between spouses through time, and parenting. For example, some sociologists have studied how differences in income between partners influences the likelihood of infidelity, while others have examined how education affects the success rate of marriage. The topic of parenting is a large one. It includes things such as the socialization of children, parental roles, single parenting, adoption and foster parenting, and the roles of children based on gender. Sociological research has found that gender stereotypes influence parenting even when children are at a very young age, and manifests in a gender pay gap for childrens chores. Sociologists have also examined whether being in a same-sex couple affects parenting. Alternative Family Forms Alternative family forms and singlehood are other topics examined under the sociology of the family. For example, many sociologists study the roles and influence of family members beyond the nuclear family, such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, cousins, godparents, and surrogate kin. Marital disunions are also studied, as divorce rates have risen over the past several decades. Family Systems and Other Institutions Sociologists who study the family also look at how other institutions affect and are affected by family systems. For instance, how is the family affected by religion and how is religion influenced by the family? Likewise, how is the family affected by work, politics, and mass media, and how are each of these institutions affected by the family? Edited  by Nicki Lisa Cole, Ph.D. Source: Unknown. American Time Use Survey - 2017 Results. Bureau of Labor Statistics, June 28, 2018, Washington, D.C.

Largest National Parks in the United States

Largest National Parks in the United States The United States is one of the worlds largest countries based on the area with a total of 3,794,100 square miles (9,826,675 sq km) spread out over 50 different states. Much of this land is developed into large cities or urban areas like Los Angeles, California, and Chicago, Illinois, but a large portion of it is protected from development via national parks and other federally protected areas that are monitored by the National Park Service that was created in 1916 by the Organic Act. The first national parks to be founded in the U.S. were Yellowstone (1872) followed by Yosemite and Sequoia (1890).In total, the U.S. has almost 400 different nationally protected areas today that range from large national parks to smaller national historic sites, monuments and seashores. The following is a list of the 20 largest national parks out of the 55 in the U.S. For reference their locations and date of founding have also been included. Largest National Parks in the United States 1) Wrangell-St. Elias Area: 13,005 square miles (33,683 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 1980 2) Gates of the Arctic Area: 11,756 square miles (30,448 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19803) Denali Area: 7,408 square miles (19,186 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19174) Katmai Area: 5,741 square miles (14,870 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19805) Death Valley Area: 5,269 square miles (13,647 sq km) Location: California, Nevada Year of Formation: 19946) Glacier Bay Area: 5,038 square miles (13,050 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19807) Lake Clark Area: 4,093 square miles (10,602 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 19808) Yellowstone Area: 3,468 square miles (8,983 sq km) Location: Wyoming, Montana, Idaho Year of Formation: 18729) Kobuk Valley Area: 2,735 square miles (7,085 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 198010) Everglades Area: 2,357 square miles (6,105 sq km) Location: Florida Year of Formation: 193411) Grand Canyon Area: 1,902 square miles (4,927 sq km) Location: Arizona Year of Formation: 191912) Glacier Area: 1 ,584 square miles (4,102 sq km) Location: Montana Year of Formation: 191013) Olympic Area: 1,442 square miles (3,734 sq km) Location: Washington Year of Formation: 193814) Big Bend Area: 1,252 square miles (3,242 sq km) Location: Texas Year of Formation: 194415) Joshua Tree Area: 1,234 square miles (3,196 sq km) Location: California Year of Formation 199416) Yosemite Area: 1,189 square miles (3,080 sq km) Location: California Year of Formation: 189017) Kenai Fjords Area: 1,047 square miles (2,711 sq km) Location: Alaska Year of Formation: 198018) Isle Royale Area: 893 square miles (2,314 sq km) Location: Michigan Year of Formation: 193119) The Great Smoky Mountains Area: 814 square miles (2,110 sq km) Location: North Carolina, Tennessee Year of Formation: 193420) North Cascades Area: 789 square miles (2,043 sq km) Location: Washington Year of Formation: 1968To learn more about National Parks in the United States, visit the official website of the National Park Service. ReferencesWikipedia.org. (2 May 2011). List of National Parks of the United States - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved from: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_National_Parks_of_the_United_States

Policy implementation.The internal Revenue Service Essay

Policy implementation.The internal Revenue Service - Essay Example Since it holds constitutional responsibility for the provision of taxation process to its citizens, the state plays more than just the intermediary role traditionally studied in implementing federal taxation policy. The implementation of any federal policy requires that the state consider the interests of bureaucrats, politicians, and special interest groups at the federal, state, and local level whose input and posturing provides complexity to the process as they respond to federal taxation policy implementation process. In this connection, the Internal Revenue Service is at the best position to implement tax credits policy in Rhode Island owing to the fact that it is very much familiar with the operations of the tax system of the entire nation. Below is a brief explanation of how the agency carries out its operations. The internal Revenue Service The implementation of the tax policy in Rhode Island is best implemented by the Internal Revenue Service (IRS) which is responsible for the collection of taxes as well as implementation and enforcement of the Internal Revenue Code which is the domestic part of the statutory tax law that operates in the entire United States. The code is organized into topics, subtitles and sections which cover all forms of taxes ranging from income taxes, payroll taxes, estate taxes, excise taxes to payroll taxes. It also bears the procedures and administration forming to be implemented by the Internal Revenue Service. The IRS usually publishes tax forms which it offers to taxpayers so that they can select and use them to calculate and report their federal tax obligations.

The Collapsible Lunch Box Idea Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

The Collapsible Lunch Box Idea - Essay Example The first idea involved whether we were capable of producing folding chairs. This idea failed due to the fact that after its assessment it was discovered that the production of folding chairs would cost too much. The second idea was the production disposable mats. This idea was quite a viable but it was ruled out after assessing that in order to reach to this final product it would involve quite a number of different processes. The feasibility of a business idea demonstrates how practical it is to put the idea into action. In line with this we had other options such as the production of a modified pub tray. The idea was a good one but we did not have information about the technical aspect of the product as how it would function. In addition the production of a modified pub tray would require too much work from sub contractors. Another feasible idea involved the production of plastic water cups. We discovered that the demand for this is too high and it would be quite difficult to prod uce enough to meet the demand. In this case consumer satisfaction is an essential aspect worth consideration if a business idea is to be adopted. Final considerations were the idea of a producing a washing machine dial or a collapsible lunch box. After adequate evaluation and comparison of the two it was seen that the market for the washing machine dial would be too small to make meaning profits. ... An American museum keeper by the name David Shayt pins this evolution to this century providing some of the examples of lunch boxes that were developed. These examples include a woven basket that had a handle and a fancy box made of wood. With the former a handkerchief would be used to warp up a meal then put inside the woven basket. The latter is believed to be used by only the rich people. These lunch boxes were but a result of increased industrialization. With the Americans working away from their homes in places such as factories it was then deemed impractical of them going home for lunch on a daily basis. This is what brought about the necessity of lunch boxes as something that would be used to protect meals and allowing for their transportation with simplicity. Various have in the past been in the manufacture of lunch boxes. Schooling children have always created a market lunch boxes with materials such as vinyl and plastic being used for this market. For the adults the most co mmon materials for their lunch boxes are metallic in nature for instance aluminium or tin. These materials are used for purpose of increasing robustness of the lunch boxes and that may last for a long time. The year is 1954 in Sudbury in the region of Ontario a miner by the name Leo May invented the aluminium lunch box. The idea of this lunch came as a result of him accidentally crushing his lunch box made of tin. History has it that the Mickey Mouse the first character lunch box made of tin was produced by Frey, Paeschke and Geuder in 1935. In the 1950 the Aladdin industries came up with a creation of the first lunch box meant for children basing their invention on Hopaong Cassidy a show on the television. This

The history of tea report Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The history of tea report - Research Paper Example It was here that a few dried leaves of a nearby bush fell into the water and the liquid turned to become a brown liquid. The Emperor was very interested in this and tried drinking the water, and found this to be very refreshing. This was how tea was founded (Tea Auction). The drink has grown to become a major drink across the world. Today schools are also taught about the Boston Tea Party. The century also brought about the introduction of two types of tea, i.e. Iced tea and tea bags. It is also essential to note that tea can be sub divided into three main types, these include, black, green and Oolong. Shen Nong was known for his skilled leadership, and also the creativity. He had a strong foresight and he focused on health even as early as five thousand years ago in order to ensure hygiene. When he was faced with the tea leaves in the boiling water and the brown liquid which was a result of the leaves boiling in the water, the Emperor drank some of the drink and found it to be very refreshing. This was the introduction of tea. As time passed, tea started becoming famous across different locations across the world. China was one of the first few which adopted the drink and was also one of the first countries to have published a book on tea. The author of the book, Lu Yu, late went on to seclusion where he met the Zen Buddhist, to whom he introduced the drink. This was the start of spreading the word of tea. The Buddhist went on t introduce Japan to this drink. As time passed tea became an essential drink and was a ceremony was also built on this drink. Tea grew to become the best gift and also went on to be the beverage had by the warlords before a war (Essortment). The table below provides a clear timeline for the growth of tea. The table provides a brief overview of a few of the events that relate to finding of tea and these help in gaining a better overview of how tea has grown to become the current position that it is at present. This period brought

A summary of the statutory framework within which all recruitment and Assignment

A summary of the statutory framework within which all recruitment and selection at A G - Assignment Example Of course, a number of techniques and instruments will reveal this information about the applicant. The managerial candidate can only tolerate a reasonable amount of intervieweing, testing and disclosure of personal information. Perhaps it is the duty of the managers to exercise prudence and request only information that is essential and relevant to the job. By contrast, where skills are relatively scarce, where recruitment is costly or where it takes several weeks to fill a vacancy, turnover is likely to be problematic from a management point of view. This is especially true of situations in which you are losing staff to direct competitors or where customers have developed relationships with individual employees as is the case in many professional services organisations An organizational structure is composed of various positions designed to accomplish systems, goals, and objectives. Variety of managerial activities is essential to keep those positions staffed with personnel who have the knowledge, the skills, and he motivation to perform the roles effectively. It is becoming clear that considerable confusion emerges in an organization when the activities are performed independently. (Robbins, 2004) What is needed is an integrated system to deal with the total array of personnel activities. These include human resources planning, recruitment, selecting, induction, training and development, the intent of which is to attract in the organization personnel conceptualized in the design of the various positions filled. Organisations are the grand strategies created to bring order out of chaos when people work together. Organizations provide the skeletal structure that helps create predictable relationships among people, technology, jobs and resources. Wherever people join in a common effort, organization must be used to get productive results. Another difficulty in the recruitment and selection process concerns selection and hiring because time and cost are involved in making decisions. It is important to identify the factors that goes with the approach such as advertising expenses, agency fees, cost of testing materials, time spent for preparing test materials, time spent in interviewing applicants, cost for reference follow-up, medical examination, start-up time required for the newly hired candidate to get acquainted with the job, relocation, and orientation about policies of the organization. - A flow chart indicating the steps to be taken and the documents that should be produced, from initial discussions about the vacancy, through to finalisation of the appointment - Copy and layout for a newspaper or web

Why does science matter to a democratic society Essay

Why does science matter to a democratic society - Essay Example Firstly, this form of punishment is a protective measure. For the safety of the inmates and other people in the facility, there is need to isolate people who are a threat to human life. Therefore, when a person is isolated from other inmates, the inmates’ safety is not jeopardized. Similarly, some inmates tend to have a conflict with a single inmate. This may be due to personal grudges and misunderstanding. Therefore, for the safety of such a person, solitary confinement is a prudent approach. Secondly, this type of punishment is used to limit any illegal or criminal activities. For instance, some inmates have communication avenues whilst in the prison. This communication is crucial as it facilitates criminal activities inside the facility. In some bizarre cases, inmates facilitate criminal activities outside the facility. When the inmates are noted to facilitate such activities, they are isolated from the other inmates. Apparently, this is a prudent approach to the situation. As a fact, the other inmates will not be coerced into joining the criminal gangs. Thirdly, solitary confinement is effective when the people in control are on a suicide watch. It is noted that some people exhibit suicidal behavior. For instance, Evan shot himself twice while on probation (Zennie 1). Similarly, the inmate can commit murder before committing suicide. To substantiate such behavior, the inmate is isolated from the other inmates. This may save the life of the inmate, as there will be a closer focus. Though some people are in support of solitary confinement, some people find it inappropriate. For instance, in the Daily Mail article, there are allegations that solitary confinement may have affected the behavior of attorney’s son. First, it is stated that people need a social life. This is where people interact with others, make friends,

Control of Information on the Internet Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Control of Information on the Internet - Essay Example The opinions held depend mostly with the extent of censorship which varies from one nation to another or one organization to another. It is imperative to note that some countries exercise total internet censorship while others limits the access of information in response to proceedings such as country’s elections, mass demonstrations and riots. Notable events that recently led to internet censorship include the occurrences of the Arab spring in Libya, Egypt, Tunisia and Yemen, authorities in the affected nations restricted access to information on the internet because they perceived as being used by rebels to cause instability. However, their efforts did not succeed due to the porous nature of the cyberspace. In as much as censorship aims at total or partial control of information, this may not be possible in practical because national borders are porous to online information. For instance, restricted information in one country may be hosted by a neighboring nation and accesse d by citizens of the latter. Therefore, censoring aims at working to control access to information in the face of numerous challenges such as lack of legal or physical controls over the information placed on the websites. As a result, censorship requires bringing into play technological means such as blocking of sites or allowing access to a portion of selected website content. Some countries go to the extent of placing strict limits to domestic and overseas information. Sensitive contents such as political topics and related content are highly restricted by those in power. Reporters and media agents who have defied government orders have often found themselves being harassed. The form of harassment ranges from violent treatment to jailing for reporting content which expose top secrets about those in power for example corruption allegations or content that is a threat to security matters for example public stability concerns. It is important to note that the notorious journalists an d those who try to defy censorship orders are in most cases driven out of the country by governments with a view of totally stopping information delivery through websites. It is worth noting that the distinction between the receiver and the publisher of the information posted on the internet is a complex matter because unlike the ancient information delivery methods, information hosted on the internet allows all posting individuals and agencies the right and power to publish without pre censorship activity. Thus the use of internet has contributed to a large extent the freedom of expression and press. Even though most governments have great experience and sophisticated tools to impose censors on the published information, their tools and experience face enormous challenges due to a number of reasons which include among others; Information sources are vast The sources of information that is hosted on the internet are far much beyond reach to most governments. This has made gagging of content almost an impossible venture unlike in the control of domestic information. It is worth noting that whereas governments and authorities would like to control this information, the publishers and senders may be residing in a country that enjoys freedom of expression and press. Thus, the source of the published information is beyond the borders of these governments and therefore not subject to jurisdiction and control.

Why does science matter to a democratic society Essay

Why does science matter to a democratic society - Essay Example Firstly, this form of punishment is a protective measure. For the safety of the inmates and other people in the facility, there is need to isolate people who are a threat to human life. Therefore, when a person is isolated from other inmates, the inmates’ safety is not jeopardized. Similarly, some inmates tend to have a conflict with a single inmate. This may be due to personal grudges and misunderstanding. Therefore, for the safety of such a person, solitary confinement is a prudent approach. Secondly, this type of punishment is used to limit any illegal or criminal activities. For instance, some inmates have communication avenues whilst in the prison. This communication is crucial as it facilitates criminal activities inside the facility. In some bizarre cases, inmates facilitate criminal activities outside the facility. When the inmates are noted to facilitate such activities, they are isolated from the other inmates. Apparently, this is a prudent approach to the situation. As a fact, the other inmates will not be coerced into joining the criminal gangs. Thirdly, solitary confinement is effective when the people in control are on a suicide watch. It is noted that some people exhibit suicidal behavior. For instance, Evan shot himself twice while on probation (Zennie 1). Similarly, the inmate can commit murder before committing suicide. To substantiate such behavior, the inmate is isolated from the other inmates. This may save the life of the inmate, as there will be a closer focus. Though some people are in support of solitary confinement, some people find it inappropriate. For instance, in the Daily Mail article, there are allegations that solitary confinement may have affected the behavior of attorney’s son. First, it is stated that people need a social life. This is where people interact with others, make friends,

Negligence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negligence - Essay Example This paper explores the differences among negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice. In addition, the paper discusses the importance of documentation and its connection with a negligence case in which a patient’s wrong leg was amputated. Negligence, Gross Negligence, and Malpractice In general, negligence refers to the failure by a nurse to give care to a patient in a reasonable and prudent manner in the prevailing circumstances. Thus, negligence refers to any harm caused by a nurse’s carelessness, rather than intentional harm. On the other hand, malpractice is a professional negligence, which occurs when an authorized and licensed nurse fails to give patient care according to the laid down standards (Phillips et al., 2004). That is, care below the standards set by the regulatory body. It is worth noting that the poor standard of such care subsequently causes harm to a patient. The table below summarises the differences and similarities between malpractice and negli gence Malpractice Negligence Definition A professional nurse gives substandard Though prudent and reasonable, a nurse gives unreasonable care Intentional Yes Can be intentional or not Lawsuits in Civil Courts Civil Courts Proof of lawsuit Duty, Breach, Causation and Damages Duty, Breach, Causation and Damages An example of a malpractice is a nurse who intentionally harms a patient by not performing his or her duties according to the laid down procedures and standards. On the other hand, a nurse harming a patient due to carelessness amounts to negligent act. Therefore, any unintentional action or omission that causes patient injuries is negligence while failure to adhere to nursing standards of practice may result in a malpractice lawsuit (Phillips et al., 2004). According to the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), malpractice refers to an inappropriate, unacceptable, and unethical conducts caused by an unreasonable lack of skill by a professional. On the other hand, gross negligence simply refers extreme cases of carelessness by a nurse. The implication by gross negligence is that a nurse has gone far below the standard of care with which a prudent and reasonable nurse may act towards a patient’s care (Phillips et al., 2004). In gross negligence, there is no trace of or slight evidence of care, even by the standards of a careless person. Thus, gross negligence has a degree difference with negligence. Several reasons have been cited as the main causes of negligence, gross negligence, and malpractice including delegation of duties, early discharge, shortage of nurses, hospital downsizing, numerous and advances in technology, better-informed patients, and expanded legal liability targeting medical professionals. With regards to task delegation, many hospitals have certain cost-cutting and cost-containment strategies, which propel them to delegate nursing duties to unlicensed assistants (Phillips et al., 2004). These assis tants may not be aware of a facility's or a regulator’s standards of care or nursing practice act. Second, many facilities discharge patients quite early, prior to full recovery while they still need acute and intensive nursing care. Other cost-containment strategies used in facilities are reduction in the number of nurses, which increases workloads for nurses, thus the likelihood for errors to occur. The many technological

Jonathan Franzen - the Discomfort Zone Essay Example for Free

Jonathan Franzen the Discomfort Zone Essay A personal History analysts of one mans identity by V Jonathan Franzens The Discomfort Zone is essentially a collection of Franzens essays published in The New Yorker that deal with problems, life time experiences, both social and emotional aspect of the authors life. This essay will focus mainly on Franzens effectual attempt to create a self portrait and at the same time make it legible and comprehensive in a way that anyone could cope with the problems and experiences he had during his maturation. The book contains six essays : House for Sale, Two Ponies, Then Joy Breaks Through, Centrally Located, The Foreing Language and My Bird Problem which are written in an autobiographical, chronological way that enables the reader to follow his life from childhood, adolescence to his maturation. In the firts section of the book, entitled House for Sale, Jonathan returns to his family home in St. Louis after his mothers death, in attempt to sell the house wher he spent most of his life. Here is where Franzen shows his witty and humorous mind, regardless of how serious and grevious the situtaion is : I went through the house and stripped the family photos out of every room. Id been looking forward to do this almost as much as to my drink. My mother had been too attached to the formality of her living room and dining room to clutter them with snaphots, but elsewhere each wndowsill and each table-top was an eddy in which inexpensively framed photos had accumulated. (4) He compares his mothers house to a novel which she continuously reorganized and rearranged throughout the years. When talking about his mothers lifetime struggle to keep everything inside and outside the house in order, he feels the melancholy nd dissatisfaction with the way things ended. On one hand he wanted the house to be sold and even disliked it , but on the other, as he says : ? Id outgrown the novel Id once been so happy to live in, and how little I even cared about the final sale price. (25) Franzen also managed to fit some of his political an social ideas and opinions in this section. He talks about the social situation in America during his childhood which was shaped by the idea that the middle working class would always feel the debt to its society. He revises both liberal and conservative political concept of the time eing and puts himself in the ?middle: heavy, skinlike, pulp smelling masses that reglued themselves to my fathers work boots, there was nothing but my family and house and church and school and work. (15) In Two Ponies we follow the life of Jonathan as a 10 year old boy and his reflections on both family life and current social situations around him. The opening part of this section actually provides a hint about the relationships inside the Franzen family. He was growing up alongside his two brothers, Tom and Bob, whom he appreciated and respected infinitely. According to Jonathan, Tom is a true representative of the social epidemic of that era, a rebellious adolescent who ran away from home in a search for his own identity: ? Late adolescents in suburbs like ours had suddenly gone berserk, running away to other cities to have sex and not ot go to college, ingesting every substance they could get.. For a while, the parents were so frightened and so ashamed that each family, especilly mine, quarantined itself and suffered by itself Toms bed, neatly made, was the bed of a kid carried off by the epidemic. (32) In spite of being a child, Jonathan is able to provide comfort to his mother in times she felt sadness and shame because of Toms leaving. He is therefore unconciously building up his emotional strength and at the same time bonding with his mother like never before. The insatiable obsession with Charles M. Schulzs ?Peanut Treasury is peculiar at times. As he lives a life of an extremely excellent student, he almost always and at all occasions compares his neighborhood, school, friends, family with the ?Peanuts. In his fantasy and in his dreams he became a part of that comic strip. In The Washington Post review Birds on the Brain A novelist exposes his life as a nerd, Bob Ivry wrote : ?ln that unsettled season, Franzen sought solace in a private, intense relationship with Snoopy and the rest of the Peanuts gang. The grownup Franzen can see why his pre-teen mint-me would identify so obsessively, and the reason is no less heartbreaking for its ordinariness: Nobody grows up, or apart, in a comic strip. Charlie Brown represents an on going inspiration for Franzen. The world as he knew it was shaped by the ideas from the very character. Many of his school activities esemble a lot to the stories in ?Peanut Treasury, such as the spelling bee, where he actually found out he was very much competitive and enjoyed exposing his great knowledge and his ?geek spirit to others. Our brains are like cartoonists and cartoons are like our brains, simplifying and exaggerating, subordinating facial detail to abstract comic concepts. (40) Jonathan loves comic books and cartoons just as much as any other child his age, but unlike others, in search of another, better reality, he ?sticks around a lot more than others, weirdly up till end of his adolescent years. It is in this section that Franzen mentiones the ?C omfort Zone , the thermostat mother and him. Then Joy Breaks Through is one of the interesting parts of the book where Jonathan is in his adolescent years and is resisting the common teenage temptations. Jonathan joins a group of young people called ?Fellowship which was sponsored by the First Congregational Church. During a weekend retreat with the ?Fellowship the children are engaged in different activities typicall for such camping trips, but are also allured by various temptations (drugs, alcohol,sex etc) which are obviously forbidden. However, all Jonathan concernes about is how to avoid ?Social Death and not having to face the embarasement in case someone found his mothers letter where she addressed him as ?Dearest Jonathan.

Eulogy for Grandmother :: Eulogies Eulogy

Eulogy for Grandmother I'd like to talk today about my grandmother, Ruth Smith - about who she was, what she meant to us, and what this day means. Grandma was a homemaker and a lifelong resident of Marshall. This might seem like a constrained life to some, but I don't think Grandma would have agreed, and I'd like to explain why. She was a person with great curiosity - she read all the time, she worked crossword puzzles every day, and she loved watching documentaries on television. In fact, she was working crossword puzzles right on up until the last month before she died, when she finally grew too ill to continue. Her curiosity also greatly affected me - when my brother Gus and I were little, we used to play a card game called 'Authors,' and from playing that game so much with her, I knew at a very young age who Mark Twain and Shakespeare and Nathaniel Hawthorne and many others were. The way she said these authors' names stirred in me a great desire to read them, and now, later in life, when I have read those authors, and taught them, I can sincerely thank Grandma for first creating that desire in me. I can also thank Grandma for inspiring a love of animals in my mother and in myself. Grandma always had a cat around her house that she cared for. She loved watching animal shows on television, especially if they involved cats. In fact, she considered herself a cat person, until she met my dog Alex. I say 'my dog,' but he's really my Mom's dog now, and for a lot of the time, when my Mom was traveling on business, it was my Grandma's dog too. We knew that both Grandma and Grandpa really like Alex when they let him sleep on the chest at the foot of their bed - now THAT was a big deal! She loved Alex, and she loved Libby, my replacement dog that I got once Mom had stolen Alex from me. Nothing tickled Grandma more than watching Libby tear up and down the floor, running back and forth like puppies like to do. Mom told me that she mentioned Alex and Libby to Grandma just a few hours before she died, and that she smiled when she heard their names. She also traveled widely - Grandpa always said that there was plenty here in Missouri to occupy someone, but Grandma felt a bit differently.

Led Zeppelin :: essays research papers

Led Zeppelin Led Zeppelin was one of the giants of the 1970’s in hard rock. They were also one of the greatest success stories that ever played hard rock music. The group was one the more popular hard rock groups that performed in the seventies, and even had some hits in the 1960’s. The members of the group are Jimmy Page, born on April 9, 1944, Robert Plant, born on August 24, 1948, John Paul Jones, born on January 3, 1946, and John Bonham born on May 31, 1948. Jimmy Page played guitar, Robert Plant was the vocalist, John Paul Jones played bass guitar and the keyboard, and John Bonham beat the drums. The group had the complete set up for a band right off the start. They produced their first record in thirty hours to complete their deal with the old Yardbirds. They toured Scandinavia for awhile also to complete their obligations to the Yardbirds. When they first came to the United States they supported Vanilla Fudge. They also played in clubs to start their American popularity. After they played in the clubs they got their first headlining tour and toured again that. They were playing their fifth tour by the March of 1970. Led Zeppelin the record was released by the Atlantic Records in 1969. Shortly after the record was released it was number eight and stayed in the top twenty for six weeks. When the Led Zeppelin II was released, it was Atlantic Records’ fastest selling album at 100,000 copies a week. They broke their own record in 1975 when â€Å"Physical Graffiti† that sold 500 copies an hour. All of their albums have gone platinum. They were the first group to heavily tour the United States and sporadically tour the rest of the world. This occurred because there was a lack of interest in them Britain. Their success was due to their manager Peter Grant. Peter was able to keep the group moving from place to place and kept the people interested in them. Peter thought that they would work every other year so they would stay in demand. While they were working on their first movie featuring them. This movie was of the group playing their music, which was called, â€Å"The Song Remains Playing.† A representative from their record company called and told Page that the sales of their new album Houses of the Holy was spectacular.

Grade Privilege

School deal with because the school bans the student for using their cell phones in class. My friend, Tucker, got faced with getting placed in SIS for using his phone in class. I believe that the 8th grade students should be able to use their phones in class. To begin with, the phones provided as a great tool for the students to use in the class room. The students were as cheerful about using their phones as much as owing on a field trip.You can also download educational APS for school. For Instance, there's an app that tells you what you're looking at In the sky at night with Just a push of a button and it calculates all the objects in the sky at real-time including moon phase, planets position, and stars position. It takes the class to places we'll never be. Last week, I asked my Science teacher â€Å"l wonder what the moon looks like up close? † Next thing you know, BOOM there we are right where Neil Armstrong was when he kook the first step on the moon In mankind.What abou t the internet access instead of going to the computer lab and wasting up class time, It saves more time for class and learning. Also. For the slow note takers you can use a recording device. Or you can use the camera on your phone to take a picture of the smart board instead of writing the notes down. You also have to remember about the parents and what they think about this. The Chicago Tribune had an article on August 8, 2012 called â€Å"Are cell phone a must for middle school kids?The parents of an 11 year-old girl said that â€Å"Now she can check her phone between classes If we have to communicate with her. † The top reason parents are buying their pre-teens a cell phone was safety, according to the National Consumer League survey. A Pew study noted that 48 percent of parents use the phone to know where their child's location. If in danger, children can reach the authorities or medical provider. In a push of a button, parents can easily reach kids for reason like ask questions, change plans, or to slimly say hello.My good bud, goes to a school where you can use your phone, he said that it was easy to communicate with his parents when he needed to know how he was going to get home In the afternoon, if he forgot something from home like homework, or even when he's sick. Not to mention, but phones are definitely cheaper than textbook. Not only does it help the students stay organized but it saves the school a lot of money. If I could use a phone I wouldn't have to worry about losing things because the phone would keep me organized.Another convinces is that phone are lightweight and fit right in your pocket. A survey says that a middle school would save more than $10,000 each year for the first 5 years, It's Like money growing on trees, when they allowed students look up things and use for educational reasons from the cell phone instead from the textbook. Also the phones have more updated information. Students can forgot about bringing their textboo ks, so instead of getting in trouble for not bringing your textbook you wouldn't have to worry about it. Just last week, I got a signature becauseI forgot to bring my textbook into Science class, If I could have used my cell phone I and it would be fast and easy. You have to remember that we are the eighth graders! We are the seniors of the school! We want to have some more privileges before we head out to high school. By allowing us to use our phones it would be a win-win situation for not only us students but also the school by saving money to pay for better things like letting the football teams have their own home games at Mossy Creek. Or have for clubs to help the community.

Challenging the Pedagogy of the Oppressed Essay

The essay, Pedagogy of the Oppressed, discusses how we can be humanized. According to Paulo Freire, oppression dehumanizes both the oppressed and the oppressor. This is because due to oppression, the oppressed is reduced to being a thing, deprived of its rights and freedom. It comes to a point that even the oppressed believe that they are not worth anything. The oppressors are also dehumanized because in the process of subduing the oppressed, they treat the oppressed as things to be overpowered. The oppressed to them are no longer humans, because they do not have the same rights as the oppressors have. Therefore, according to Freire, liberation must come from the oppressed: they must free themselves. This is because the oppressors cannot give true liberation; this is a type of false generosity. Since both are of different classes, they have different interests. Therefore, if the oppressor gives liberty, the oppressed is risking a lot more than the oppressor if they take the offer. The oppressor is giving liberty on its own terms: it will only give what it is willing to give, and not what is right. For the oppressed to be truly free, they must gain freedom by themselves. They must do this through their own efforts. Now, according to Freire, since the oppressed are so downtrodden that they cannot believe in themselves, they must be taught to believe in themselves because no one can save them but themselves. This can only be done through trusting in the abilities of the masses (the oppressed), as well as believing in the cause. Unlike the oppressors, one’s attitude must not be condescending towards the oppressed; one must treat them as equals, capable of learning. Unlike the oppressors, who learn abstract ideas inside classrooms, the oppressed learn concrete things outside. They are treated as unlearned because they are unable to have the same type of education those in power have obtained. Since this is the case, they must not be treated as charity cases, because they are not charity cases. Freire’s essay is very interesting, to say the least. The concept of humans abusing each other is not exactly novel, but the concept of empowering each other to attain freedom, juxtaposed with what love really is, is innovative. These concepts were connected by Freire. As part of the privileged class, Freire puts responsibility upon my shoulders. Instead of making me feel guilty because of my status, he points out that I can be part of change. My status is not important; only my commitment is. Which is why it is my responsibility to be part of the movement to change the system wherein society is divided into the privileged and the poor. This ideology is comparable to Daniel Defoe’s Education of Women. He talks about educating women in a special school designed to teach them certain subjects. Unlike Freire though, Defoe talks of an education solely for women. This means that men receive a very different kind of education. The curriculum, of course, is decided upon by men. Frerie’s though, talks of an education everyone receives. Also, Frerie does not talk of passive students; he is talking of a kind of education where students interact with the teacher. This is based upon the the concept that the teacher has as much to learn from the students, as the students have as much to learn from the teacher. In effect, the students mold their education as they learn. Defoe mentions no such thing. It is as if the students will forever rely on the teacher, and that the students are teachers are not equals. Which is revolutionary, actually. It has been inculcated in us that teachers are at a higher position than us. The platforms in front of classrooms emphasize this fact. We are taught to learn from them because they know so much more than us. We are made to feel as if we are blank slates, or even empty sponges. But this is not true. We are, before becoming students, children of life. We explore the world outside, and come up with answers to explain our questions. Just as the oppressed are experienced, so are we. We have a lot to contribute to the class, much more, as we can combine our kaleidoscope of experiences and contrast it against the teacher’s. Freire also redefined teaching as merely imparting information. Freire goes beyond this to discuss humanizing people. After all, teaching is not about making robots. It is about imparting a part of yourself, sharing a piece of your soul. Freire exposes how education is used to alienate people, and then instructs how it can be redeemed. We can redeem ourselves, to turn away from the bestiality this system enforces upon us. Freire exposes how large the system we are fighting, but at the same time, leaves hope that we can transform it. And this is the challenge Friere leaves us.

Life Insurance

.. TABLE OF CONTENTS STRATEGIC MARKETING PLAN DEFINES SALES SUCCESS IN TWO LEADING LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY Target companies: AVIVA Life Insurance Pvt Ltd. 1] Executive summary: The research is to be conduct how each company has performed in sales and the improve effectiveness of selling process. Research objectives and aims are to compare the performance of the AVIVA and HDFCSLI. As this research studying based on the Indian market, the research is proceeding in Bangalore, which is one of the main city in India. Research mythology is proceeding under collecting data of the current status of the both company and from the people to know the brand awareness and the purchasing behaviour when buying life insurance policies. THE BACKGROUND OF THE INDUSTRY Companies rating can be identified as follows:- A++,A+ are superior companies. A or A- good companies B. is growing company C- means position is not good. D is below the standard (minimum). E rate is company is taking the help from the state to run the business. LITERATURE VIEW Sales management and customer satisfaction: Influence of Advertising on Sales: This is a very important fact in life insurance industry as, their most of sales advertising by the salespersons. Draw back of a company can be happen due to the lack of communication and the problems in communicating with the consumers. Influence of Sales promotions on sales Sales promotions has taken an increasing share of the marketing budget, at the expense of advertising,because promotion can achieve a measurable increase in short term sales , which advertising cannot. There is a tension between the short term effects of promotion and the long term effects of advertising. This results in confusion in marketing community. How ever, there is a desirable effect on sales market from promotions. The main intention to promote sales is to attract the customers attention. Doing promotions in life insurance industry is can be following To extend the user base To reward and retaining existing customers To introduce trail of new product and by cashing and on the establish brand To counter competitor’s offer To clear inventory To enhance brand value To survive under the high pressure of competition, companies tend to do more and more creativity on their sales promotions by adding promotion tools. Promotions tools which can be use in life insurance industry are, Games and contests Lucky draw Gifts Attractive offers for the policies RESEACH PROBLEM: *STUDY AIMS AND OBJECTIVES*: To analyze the potential of Life Insurance in Investment Industry. To get the better understanding of various Life Insurance Product. To compare the performance of the AVIVA and HDFC To evaluate various need of customers for Life Insurance and their To study the brand awareness of the AVIVA and HDFCSLI The levels of trade support achieved, such as point of sales display. IMPORTANTS OF THE STUDIES RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODOLOGY Research Design: Research Design that is followed in this report is sampling which is the most appropriate technique because Bangalore is a big city. The sample numbers were not overlapping in areas & then these selected with ultimate sample consisting of all units whole Bangalore 10 potential areas ere selected and are picked randomly from these area. Thus the total sample of 300 was taken and analyzed. Research Methodology: Research methodology is mainly concentrating following questions. Evaluating the sales and marketing methods, personnel sellings , telephone selling ,postal orders, etc , that each of the retailer’s used , as well as determining the effectiveness of these sales methods. Determining how effective these methods w ere in supporting and communicating each company’s product and company image Determining who are the customer and potential customers in each company. This is to establish their perception of the company , as well as their attitudes to its image in comparison to those of its competitors. Determining the intermediaries in the market place This is to establish why these intermediaries selected the company and its services, rather than the services of its competitors. In addition, the research evaluated how the company image enhanced the over all sales processes , through all the company communications. Contact with head office, agents and inspectors , promotional material sent to intermediaries , and information on new products , proposal forms , company information, etc Determining the insurer’s own agents and sales force This was to determine whether those members of the sales team were communicating the right image and sales message effectively. In addition, this research is designed to determine whether their sales techniques and methods were ‘synergistic’ with other aspects of the marketing mix, such as advertising and promotions All the findings are based on the survey research method. Data Collection Methods: 1. Primary Data: Questionnaire Detail analysis of data collected through questionnaire: To evaluate various need of customers for Life Insurance and their Purchase behaviour. To know the level of brand awareness of the company among the Consumers. Limitations of the study As this research is focussed on limited group and a limited area space it is not enough to study the production success of the world wide company. Sales rofit can be different according to the area , culture and people. As it is not possible to cover the whole india and also whole Bangalore, results could be limited. Richard M SwILSON , Colin Gilligan with David pearson (1992) David jobber, Geoff Lancaster – 7thedition ‘’ selling &sales management’’ Carl McDaniel , Roger Gates (1999) ‘’ marketing research’’ Robin Birn (1992) ‘’The effective use of marketing research (1992) David jobber ‘’ selling & sales s trategy ‘’ Gorden wills (1974) ‘’ strategic issues in marketing ‘’ Colin Mclver (1984) ‘’case study in marketing’’ Journal of marketing (2009) volume 25 Cunliff bolling (1969) ‘’sales management’’ Giep Franzen (1999) ‘’Brand & Advertising’’ William G. Zikmund (2003) ‘’ Exploring marketing research Bill Donaldson (1998) ‘’ sales management’’ Martin lindstrom (2005) ‘’ Brand sense’’ Bill Donaldson (1988) ‘’ sales management’’ Terence A. Shimp ‘’ Advertising and promotion’’ www. AVIVA. co. in www. hdfcsli. co. in Google search

Challenges Using the AQHR Reseac Paradigm at an Outpatient VA Menral Essay

Challenges Using the AQHR Reseac Paradigm at an Outpatient VA Menral Health - Essay Example (WHO, 2007).Other benefits are; reduced stigma, better access to health care since the patient will be treated for co-morbid conditions such as Hiv /Aids , cancer and diabetes. Using this model enhances easier communication with practitioners and better follow-up of mental health disorders. Integrating of mental health care in primary care systems ensures early detection and prevention of mental health disorders (WHO, 2007). There are a number of challenges in using ARHQ recommendations. Time availability is a major challenge and it leads to overworking of the health care workers due to diverse health care programs. Increasing the number of health care providers can help in solving this challenge. The primary health care providers can also feel uncomfortable when dealing with mental disorders. Reluctance when working with mental disorders is also expected (WHO, 2007). Absence of a good referral system between primary health care and secondary care institutions is another challenge as it reduces the effectiveness of mental health care offered at primary care level (WHO, 2007).Another challenge is organization barriers which include lack of administrative support and appreciation of such research paradigm (Cook and Grant, 2002). Therefore, implementing of this research paradigm may be prevented by bad administrative policies. Organizational barriers are in the form of resistance to change and addition of new responsibilities. Lack of enough infrastructure and staff is another challenge and strengthening of the existing health care institutions can help in solving this challenge. This will involve enabling primary health care centers to offer mental health care services. More medical staff should be trained and recruited to increase competence and quality of services offered, Training of human resource ensures easy identification and treatment of mental disorders. However, this requires more resources which may not be available. Lack of sufficient funding is a

Operations Management Definition Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Operations Management Definition - Essay Example According to Westland (n.d., pp. 1), project is defined as to perform certain activities for the completion or execution of work which is planned to get delivered within a specific time. Projects have specific characteristics. For example, they are unique i.e. every project is different from the other. Another example is that there is certain amount of money in which they have to be completed in a specific time. Operations:According to Shim and Siegel (1999, pp.2), operations can be defined as the labor undertaken for making goods and services available. They have to be completed in time set by the customer and the manufacturer.Project and Operations ManagementAccording to Shim and Siegel (1999, pp.2), project and operations management is the management of all the processes or in other words, activities which are associated to the manufacturing of goods and services. According to Westland (n.d., pp.1), the project can be completed with the help of certain apparatus and dexterity. Wit h the help of talented people and good management project can be completed with success. With the help of dexterity, cleverness and skill the risks associated with in a project can be reduced. Experienced people are hired in management for this purpose. The tools or apparatus used to complete a project related to building a house may include pens, gauges, nails, wood, budgeting, CAD software and checklists etc. Methods or processes used for completing a project are divided in different and small tasks.

Wirless22 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Wirless22 - Essay Example Even though I spend most of my time at home, whenever I go out for recreation, I make it a point not to take my cell phone along. Right now I need to carry two phones: even though I do not like phones, this is the only way I can make my life easier. One phone is used for business and family only, whereas the other is for friends, school and other acquaintances. The second phone is usually turned off, unless I want to go out, and even then I mostly turn it on just to check the voice mail to check if I have any appointments (with a doctor or at school, for instance). The only times I have used text messaging is to check my bank account balance by texting at the number the bank gave to me. Even when I receive a text message to which I have to reply, I do not text back. I prefer calling up people rather than sending them text messages. The Bluetooth feature on phones is something that I do appreciate, because it enables me to connect my cell phone with my computer or other devices and transfer data easily. However, I do not believe that cell phones are a necessity. Even in emergency cases I think I can manage very well without a cell phone. I consider cell phones and email to be the worst invention of the last century. For me, cell phones are a luxury, a luxury we can very well do without. Currently, I have T-mobile and AirVoice as service providers for my two cell phones. T-mobile is expensive when compared with AirVoice: I pay 70 dollars for T-mobile and 40 dollars for AirVoice per month. On both these service providers I pay by minute along with the contract. AirVoice offers me unlimited text messaging, both domestic and international, which I do not use at all. I use prepaid plans on both; T-mobile carries the unused minutes to the next month, however AirVoice does not provide this service, the minutes end with the month, whether you have used them or not. Both AirVoice and T-mobile, being 3G, are

Hotel Chocolat Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Hotel Chocolat - Essay Example Then the company started expanding in its domestic land and opened almost 43 stores in the UK and 23 stores inside John Lewis outlets. Hotel Chocolat mainly aims at making fresh chocolates which are way more adventurous in terms of taste. It produces chocolates using less sugar and more of cocoa, very different from the chocolates made by other companies. It follows originality and ethics in its services (Hotel Chocolat, 2010). In order to learn cocoa plantation the company decided to work with the local communities of Ghana. After achieving success in the production of chocolates, the company started many new projects. The company opened a restaurant called Boucan at its cocoa estate located in Saint Lucia. After its expansion in the domestic land, the company is now aiming at internationalisation. For this, the company needs an internationalisation strategy. According to Tyndall, Cameron and Taggart (1990), companies should achieve control over the business operation of both international and foreign market in order to achieve their strategic objectives. The next section of the study will discuss strategic options for the chosen company. In the first part it will be shown how the company will move towards diversification of products in the niche market and also show its internationalisation strategy, by using strategy clock and Ansoff’s matrix. In the second part, using suitability, feasibility and acceptability analysis model an analysis will be done to see whether or not the strategic options selected for the company in the first part is justified. In the third part, recommendation is to be provided, which is based on the directions and methods of strategic development which is appropriate for the organisation for the next 3 to 5 years. Finally, a conclusion will be drawn on the entire project. At first it has to be decided, which strategy out of the three strategies of

Research Proposal PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Research Proposal - PowerPoint Presentation Example A nurse practitioner is a qualified nurse who has additional education and specialization in some particular area. In the USA, NPs must have a master’s degree minimum and 500 to 1,000 hours of training; the education of NPs is guided by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing (Rough, 2009). Traditionally, NPs work as doctor supplements providing services which extend services provided by GPs. Now more and more NPs start working as doctor substitutes, having rights to independently provide a wide range of services, usually provided by GPs. The aim of such shift of the NPs role mainly is to address current GPs shortage and to reduce cost of health care services (Dierick-van Daele et al., 2008). The doctor-nurse substitution is much debated in professional literature and in the press; a number of important problems related to permissibility, practicability and efficiency of this innovation have been studied during the last decade. This document presents a proposal for a p iece of research which is aimed to explore the differences between patients’ satisfaction with services provided by NPs in comparison with patients’ satisfaction with services provided by GPs in primary care. In addition, we intend to explore factors influencing on the differences in patients’ satisfaction. We hope that our study will promote an effective process of NPs’ and GPs’ skill mix and substitution and make a contribution in positive changes in the US health system at a whole. Problem Statement The tendency to hire nurse practitioners as a substitute for doctors has intensified during last years. Rough (2009, para.4) cites the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners (AANP), which estimated that from 2004 to 2009 the number of NPs in the United States has increased by about 40 per cent, amounting to 125,000. Dierick-van Daele et al. (2008) consider four main reasons of the current demand for NPs: â€Å"(1) to overcome a shortage of doctors in particular settings; (2) to improve the quality of care; (3) to advance the career of nurses; and (4) to lower health care costs by employing the ‘lowest cost provider’† (p.481). Many experts agree that today’s nurses may work well not only as doctor supplements, but also as doctor substitutes, in particular in primary care. According to the recent research, from 25% to 70% of GP’s work might be successfully fulfilled by nurses (Laurant, Reeves, Hermens, Braspenning, Grol and Sibbald, 2007). This includes a wide range of activity from diagnosing, testing and prescribing medication to health promotion and routine management of chronic diseases. In several countries and the US states the shift in NPs’ status is supported by legislation, allowing NPs to work independently in various health care fields, including such specific ones as family practice, psychiatry, women health, pediatrics etc. However, there is a certain controversy in the medic al community, as some experts argue about significant risks related to the independent work of NPs in primary care, such as misdiagnosis or inappropriate treatment. For example, the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners and the American Medical Association hold the opinion that NPs should work only in collaboration with GPs (Rough, 2009). Young

Nurses floating to different specialized areas Essay Example for Free

Nurses floating to different specialized areas Essay Abstract: Floating is a staffing strategy that is seen as a solution to the general problem of nursing shortage. Floating involves utilizing nurses to work in different specialized units. Floating has its advantages in that it gives nurses an opportunity for overall professional development and relieves them from additional responsibilities such as delegating and staffing. Float nurses stick to patient care. However, as they have to work in units for which they are not sufficiently educated or trained, they find themselves inadequate in providing quality patient care. Moreover, it affects their overall sense of connectedness with their patients, their peers, and their specialty department. Thus, floating of nurses is considered by many as a threat to both nurses and patients. However, more recently, it has been found that the float nurse can be trained to meet varied needs of specialized units. This is made all the more easier when the float nurse undergoes training for a cluster of closely related specialty units. Resource teams are float pools where specialty of the nurse is recognized and training is provided as per needs by the management. Introduction: Nursing shortage is one of the major issues facing the healthcare sector of the United States. This is attributed mainly due to lack of enthusiasm amongst the youngsters today for pursuing nursing as a career option and secondly due to the rising population. To counter the increasing demands of nursing, the concept of floating has been introduced in many hospitals and clinical settings. Floating is a very recent phenomenon in nursing introduced mainly due to problems such as staffing shortages and fluctuating census (Dziuba-Ellis, 2006). Nurses are in general trained to work in particular specialties. But working in different specialized units requires them to undergo cross-training. This causes stress to the nurses and they lose their efficiency and confidence of attending to critically ill patients in specialized departments. In fact, when nurses are floated to different specialized units, both the nurses and the patients suffer. While the nurses find themselves inadequately trained to work in certain specialized units, patients face the danger of negligent or faulty treatment. Suitable analysis of issues involved in floating of nurses to different specialized units shows that this is highly risky both from the viewpoint of nurses and the viewpoint of patients. This problem is particularly relevant in today’s context as the concept of having a float pool of nurses is touted as a solution to the overwhelming national problem of nursing shortage. This paper focuses on the issue of floating of nurses to various specialized units in the United States – the reasons for floating, impact of such floating on nurses, impact of floating on patients and how to adapt this concept to the situation of nursing shortage. This paper will not cover alternate solutions to nursing shortage. The floating of professional nurses to unfamiliar practice settings should be avoided as it leads to unsafe practice situations and if at all floating is found to be totally essential, it must be ensured that it is allowed only in emergency situations when an increased demand for nurses with general basic skills is expected. Literature Review: The research report titled Nursing Resource Team: An Innovative Approach to Staffing by Baumann et al (June 2005) contrasts the traditional float pools with resource teams and after detailed analysis of the case study of the Nursing Resource Team at Hamilton Health Sciences from September 2002 until June 2004, concludes that resource teams as an innovative staffing strategy creates opportunities for full-time work, and provide nurses with opportunities for professional development. According to Baumann et al, floating is not a new practice. Nursing shortages that existed between 1974 and 1979 lead to innovative staffing solutions and floating was one of them. However, floating came to be known as resource team in 1981 when the term was first used in an article to describe the creation and organization of a float pool (Baumann et al, 2005). Earlier, float pools or resource teams were used across Canada and the US to save expenditure, counter the shortage of nurses, fluctuations in patient census, acuity, volume, and care demands. Baumann et al point out that use of float pools/resource teams is often viewed as a staffing strategy – one that facilitates flexible manipulation of staff. Today, float pools are more of a recruitment and retention strategy and this is proved by a study conducted by Crimlisk (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Contrary to this finding, however, experts in Canada suggest float staff do not serve retention purposes. According to Baumann et al, the NRT approach is different from the float pool in that it recognizes nursing expertise. In the case of float pools, a nurse is regarded as a generic worked who is able to work with different patient groups and utilize many skill sets. Further, the literature indicates that float nurses may be deployed as either assistive or replacement staff. According to a study by organizational development specialist Suzanne C. Luongo, titled â€Å"Connectedness as a Motivator for Nurse Retention at the Bedside† (2004). It has been found that floating is a disruption to connectedness to patients and families, connectedness to peers and connectedness to administration of the institution. This study was based on group interviews of staff nurses who have been at the bedside for a minimum of 5 years and have received high evaluations. While the first study focused on defining the concept of floating and explaining how it is applied in the nursing context, the second study raises the warning that float nurses may not enjoy their job because the job takes away the connection that a nurse needs to develop with the patients, the peers, and to the administration. When nurses are shifted through various specialized units, they cannot follow up on patients continuously; they cannot form stable friendships among other nurses and will not form any attachment to any specialized unit (Luongo, 2004). Crimlisk et al (2002) in their study titled â€Å"New graduate RNs in a float pool: An inner-city hospital experience† focus on the view of nurse managers and nurse educators that fresh graduate RNs cannot be included in a float pool. They prefer to have experienced nurses with multiple skills. However, the authors say that new graduate RNs are highly motivated, ready-to-learn, educationally prepared and intellectually stimulated though they do not have much clinical experience. The authors present a program for training new graduate RNs to practice nursing in a float pool. It has been proved that the program resulted in a 96% retention rate Boston Medical Center Nursing Division (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Moreover, the program offered the medical surgical units a strong clinical support float nurse, nursing managers a staffing solution in times of need, and the new graduate RN a broad range of clinical experiences making them more valuable members of the healthcare team. According to Crimlisk et al, this training model can be replicated in other institutions. Thus, this study gives a positive approach to the inevitable staffing solution of having a float pool of nurses. Crimlisk concludes that fresh graduate nurses who do not have the experience needed to become a float nurse should be trained specially to become more flexible and versatile (Crimlisk et al, 2002). Thus, this study holds that floating of nurses to specialized departments does not necessarily need only experienced nurses. With training, even newly graduated RNs can handle various specialized services in nursing. The article titled Full-Time or Part-Time Work in Nursing: Preferences, Tradeoffs and choices by Jennifer Blythe et al (2005), reviews historical trends in full-time and part time work in the general workforce and among nurses in particular. The study was conducted at three teaching hospitals in Ontario with more than 400 beds and included 10 focus groups of RNs and RPNs. Fourteen additional interviews were conducted with hospital administrators who were knowledgeable about nursing work arrangements. According to this paper human resources managers in all hospitals agreed that investment in full time staff saved â€Å"costs, provided better coverage, higher commitment, lower turnover and more continuity of car and more stable relationships in nursing and multidisciplinary teams† (Blythe et al, 2005). To increase full time jobs, the paper reports that one hospital offered a float pool of full time nurses in critical care, maternal-child and medical surgical areas. This float pool was part of a training strategy to help novice nurses to progress from medical surgical settings to specialist areas with shortages. However, it was found that these floating jobs appealed only to nurses with particular needs. The first study indicated that float nurses could be absorbed as assistive or replacement staff. According to the second study float nurses suffer due to lack of connectedness whereas the third study showed that float nurses could be trained to acquire new skills. But despite such training and absorption, this study takes a neutral stand that only some nurses can enjoy the experiences that come through float jobs depending on their needs. While the lack of connectedness and lack of training are cited to be discouraging factors in floating nurses, this study brings in a third angle – that of needs of nurses. Only nurses with particular needs would like floating to different specialized units. According to the study by Hugonnet et al (2004) titled â€Å"Nursing resources: a major determinant of nosocomial infection? † there is growing concern that changes in nurse workforce and hospital-restructuring interventions negatively impact on patient outcomes. The review focuses on the association between understaffing and health-care-associated infections. Previous studies have shown that overcrowding, understaffing or a misbalance between workload and resources are important determinants of nosocomial infections and cross-transmission of microorganisms. Importantly, not only the number of staff but also the level of their training affects outcomes. The evidence that cost-driven downsizing and changes in staffing patterns causes harm to patients cannot be ignored, and should not be considered as an inevitable outcome (Hugonnet et al, 2004). The fact that ‘level of training’ affects outcomes is a major finding as float nurses often suffer from inadequate skills. In this study it has been found that such inadequacy can lead to nosocomial infections and cross-transmission of microorganisms (Hugonnet, 2004). Thus it is indirectly implied that floating of nurses can lead to such infections and cross transmission of microorganisms. This study brings out a scientific drawback in the floating of nurses – one that could be detrimental physically to both nurses and the patients. This finding is further strengthened by the finding of Stone et al (2004) who point out that nursing shortage is managed by many health care facilities by expanded use of nonpermanent staff, such as float pool and agency nurses. Overwork and fatigue among these nurses have been associated with medication errors and falls, increased deaths, and spread of infection among patients and health care workers (Stone et al, 2004). Issue Analysis: RNs at many health care institutions have traditionally been required to float to other units as a solution to the issue of staffing shortage. Staffing practices, like floating, cross-training and the use of larger float pools are highly debated with focus on quality patient care and less stressful environment at work for nurses. Studies show that nurses naturally want to use the expertise theyve gained over the years on their own specialized units. But if they must work in a different area, or even if they choose to work on different units, they want the appropriate orientation to provide competent, safe care. According to Christine Kane-Urrabazo, MSN, RN, in Said another way: our obligation to float, floating is a viable solution to the issue of nursing shortage. She says that the though floating is opposed on the basis of many arguments, they are not justifiable when weighted against the consequences of not floating (Kane-Urrabazo, 2006). The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO), requires all accredited organizations to ensure that â€Å"†¦all staff providing patient care and services on behalf of the organization are properly oriented to their jobs and the work environment before providing care, treatment, and services† (JCAHO, 2004, p. 5). This means, regardless of the settings, it is important for professional nurses to maintain clinical competence. According to the American Nurses Association (ANA, 2005), it is recommended that there should be a systematic plan for the cross-training of staff expected to float to ensure competence (2005). â€Å"The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing† by Hay and Oken focuses on floating in the ICU that provides complex nursing care (1972). The float nurse in the ICU is exposed to traumatic events such as death and dying, posing threats of object loss and personal failure. The nurse in the ICU needs to be familiar in handling many kinds of complex technical equipments and make correct measurements. The nurse in the ICU should be capable of making observations about her patients condition, to interpret subtle changes and use judgment to take appropriate action. Moreover, the nurse must maintain detailed records. Because of this and the nature of her tasks, temporarily floating in nurses from elsewhere when staff is short can be dangerous when the specialized unit concerned is the ICU (Hay and Oken, 1972). Kelly Herbig, RN-OCN, Rockford Memorial Hospital, Rockford, in her article titled â€Å"The highs of floating† in Nursing Spectrum says that she enjoys a lot of benefits as a float nurse. She points out that as a float nurse, she needs to focus only on patient care and need not deal with issues of staffing, delegating, and other charge-nurse responsibilities. Kelly Herbig says: â€Å"Floating to different departments and units affords me the chance to meet and work with a wide variety of staff and physicians†¦.. Talking to them about their experiences and viewpoints has helped me broaden my own views and given me a new perspective on nursing† (Herbig, 2004). Best of all she says that as a float staff, she is often viewed positively as â€Å"the help, the relief, the answer to the problem of short staffing†. On the contrary we have the case of Jackie. Badzek et al (1998) in her research article titled Administrative ethics and confidentiality privacy issues cites the case of Jackie. As a float nurse, Jackie found her work very stressful. She had to rotate between many units and patients. Each day she worked on a different unit with different co-workers. She developed few friendships or collegial relationships. She was often dispensing medications and treatments she found unfamiliar. When she attempted to ask questions, she found she approached gruff busy attending doctors and young uninformed house staff. Feeling trapped, Jackie began to divert narcotics (Badzek et al, 1998). This case highlights the plight of the float nurse without specific training and also offers a glimpse to the stress levels of an untrained float nurse. Many states have laws that indicate that it’s considered negligent or unprofessional for a nurse to offer or perform services for which she is not qualified by education, training, or experience. Therefore, accepting floating assignments for which the nurse is not qualified can jeopardize his or her career. There can be lawsuits and also disciplinary action by the state board of nursing. Disciplinary action can include license limitation, suspension, or revocation, and possibly mandatory continuing education (Gobis, 2001). In the study titled â€Å"When terror is routine: how Israeli nurses cope with multi-casualty terror†, authors Riba and Reches report on the case of Israeli nurses working in hospitals and looking after emergency care in times of terror attacks (Riba and Reches, 2002). Based on qualitative analysis of the data collected from focus group discussions involving 60 nurses and analysis of problems faced by them, the authors make a few recommendations in the context of floating. Riba and Riches recommend that post-basic courses in emergency medicine and trauma should be expanded to include emergency room logistics, stress management techniques, and debriefing strategies. Moreover, for nurses floating into emergency care from other departments, they suggest that an annual workshop should be held that includes drills for emergency care. They also suggest that the ER charge nurse should be provided training in leadership and group dynamics. Thus we find that the training that should be insisted for float nurses should be related to the specialized units for which they are chosen to work. This finding is also in accordance with the conclusion of the research report titled Nursing Resource Team: An Innovative Approach to Staffing by Baumann et al (June 2005). Indicators that can be used to measure success of these specially trained staff would be based on measuring retention in clinical settings where such trained float personnel are used. Susan Trossman, RN in her article titled â€Å"Staffing smart: A difficult proposition† says that cross-training to several units will make a nurse end up being an expert at little things and lose in-depth specialty advantage. Kim Armstrong, RNC, has worked at Tacoma General Hospital in Washington for 20 years. She agrees that cross-training gives RNs a greater range of skills. But, she says, It also dilutes skills. She clearly points out that floating nurses to various units and making them accept assignments for which they are educationally unprepared are putting their patients and their livelihood at risk. A nurse at the Elms College hearing illustrates this point. I was recently floated to Hematology/Oncology unit and had 8 patients. Six patients were on research protocols, each with 6 to 10 medications that I had to deliver. I didnt know any of these drugs. Many nurses do not even know their deficits (Nursing Report, 2001). In this context, it must be noted that there is a direct relationship to the skill of nurses and the number of nurses to patient outcomes (Nursing Report, 2001). All the above arguments indicate to only one clear solution. In a country that is facing nursing shortage, it would be unreasonable to say that floating should be totally banned. As numerous studies have shown, what is needed is adequate training of staff for various specialties. This argument is further stressed by Ruth Shumaker, RN, CNOR, and president of the Association of Operating Room Nurses, Inc. : The valuable nurse in the next millennium is the one who can do more who has the knowledge base to function as a specialist but also as a generalist working in multiple areas† (Trossman, 1999). Recommendations: While it is understood that float nurses need special training and education, one should remember that such skills imparted through short term programs tend to be forgotten if not used constantly. Hence they need regular scheduled workshops. Some recommendations to remember while choosing to have a float pool of nurses are (NYSNA, 2005): †¢ Nurses should not be floated to unfamiliar practice settings. †¢ If floating is deemed necessary, it should only be permitted in emergency situations that call for general nursing care. †¢ The RN should be able to self-evaluate and ask for further knowledge or training as her job needs. She should be granted the right to refuse assignments for which she is neither qualified nor trained. †¢ The charge nurse/supervisor should take the responsibility of allotting a particular float nurse to a particular specialized unit. If possible, she should assign a regular staff member of the specialized unit to guide and instruct the new float nurse. †¢ The healthcare facility should be able to perform needs assessment on a continuous process and provide inter department training as per needs. By monitoring trends in nursing indicators such as turnover, satisfaction, work-related illnesses and injury, overtime, etc. , they should also evaluate and maintain the quality of the nurse’s work life. Conclusion: Further research should be conducted as to the type of skills a float nurse is expected to perform in her various specialized units. It has been proved that resource teams that are an improvised float pool are ideal to counter the problem of nursing shortage. In resource teams, nurses work in their area of clinical expertise and preference, developing â€Å"in-depth knowledge of particular clinical populations. † Sometimes, nurses may be assigned as generalists and specialists from the float pool or resource team. It has been found that training is better possible when nurses are assigned to clinical clusters with certain patient populations. Examples of clustered units include critical care and emergency departments, adult medical-surgical, and pediatrics. However, nurses may also be sent to areas such as medical-surgical for which it is assumed only generic skills are required. The following general points should be remembered while implementing float pool nursing as a staffing strategy: Innovations should be introduced in a phased manner; it is important to have consistent leadership during the implementation phase; Orientation and interpretative sessions must be planned and roles of float nurses should be charted in detail; Evaluation should be done on a continual basis. With respect to the float pool of nurses, it must be ensured that their number is large enough so that there is no overtime. Care should be taken to ensure that clinical clusters include relatively narrow and related skill sets and areas of expertise. To make floating of nurses to different specialty units, a viable solution to the problems of nursing shortage and quality care, it is important that the top management, the nurse in charge and the float nurse all work in synchronization towards providing respect and support for development of float nurses as specialists with patient-specific expertise and experience. When individual nurses are deployed only to those areas for which they possess the requisite skills, there is mutual benefit for the nurses as well as for the patients to whom they offer their valuable services. Bibliography: American Nurses Association (2005). Utilization guide for the ANA â€Å"Principles for nurse staffing†. Silver Spring, MD: Author Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations. (2004). Systems analysis. Ensure that your float staff and contracted staff are providing safe care. Joint Commission Perspectives on Patient Safety, 4(7), 5-6. New York State Nurses Association. (2005). NYSNA position statements, RN staffing effectiveness and nursing shortage. Latham, NY: Author. http://www. nysna. org/programs/nai/practice/positions/floating. htm Kane-Urrabazo, Christine (2006). Said Another Way: Our Obligation to Float. Nursing Forum. Volume 41, Issue 2, Page 95. April 2006. http://www. blackwell-synergy. com/doi/abs/10. 1111/j. 1744-6198. 2006. 00043. x Luongo et al (2004). Connectedness as a Motivator for Nurse Retention at the Bedside. July 24, 2004. Nurse Retention. http://stti. confex. com/stti/inrc15/techprogram/paper_17745. htm Hugonnet et al (2004). Nursing resources: a major determinant of nosocomial infection? Current Opinion in Infectious Diseases. 17(4):329-333, August 2004. Copyright Lippincott Williams Wilkins, Inc. http://www. co-infectiousdiseases. com/pt/re/coinfdis/abstract. 00001432-200408000-00009. htm;jsessionid=FDkbKKGyZ54nPbDSzyJwhhhBs1b8hS866nCYvc8Lxqp2qV1zHRp5! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Crimlisk et al (2002). New graduate RNs in a float pool. An inner-city hospital experience. Journal of Nursing Administration. April 2002. 32(4):211-7. http://www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov/entrez/query. fcgi? db=pubmedcmd=Retrievedopt=AbstractPluslist_uids=11984257itool=iconabstrquery_hl=6itool=pubmed_docsum Crimlisk et al (2002). New Graduate RNs in a Float Pool: An Inner-city Hospital Experience. Journal of Nursing Administration. 32(4):211-217, April 2002. http://www. jonajournal. com/pt/re/jona/abstract. 00005110-200204000-00010. htm;jsessionid=FDmP1gHbHHxZW8Rvmffskj9WcBrHyqH9WYdGTLq0ftDVdJyt8141! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Dziuba-Ellis, Jennifer (2006). Float Pools and Resource Teams: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Nursing Care Quality. 21(4):352-359, October/December 2006. http://www. jncqjournal. com/pt/re/jncq/abstract. 00001786-200610000-00013. htm;jsessionid=FDmJkWq3P7J4btG4yWyy9L1CdkfnTw61myy60RB4WYG5RFRJ32wy! 2082300909! -949856145! 8091! -1 Badzek et al (1998). Administrative Ethics and Confidentiality Privacy Issues. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. December 31, 1998. Available at http://www. nursingworld. org/ojin/topic8/topic8_2. htm Stone et al (2004). Nurses working conditions: Implications for infectious disease. November 2004. Emerging Infectious Diseases 10(11), pp. 1984-1989. http://www. ahrq. gov/RESEARCH/dec04/1204RA4. htm Herbig, Kelly (2004). The Highs of Floating. Nursing Spectrum. http://nsweb. nursingspectrum. com/cfforms/GuestLecture/HighsOfFloating. cfm Gobis, Linda (2001). The Perils of Floating: When nurses are directed to work outside their areas of expertise. The American Journal of Nursing. September 2001. Volume 101, Issue 9. http://www. nursingworld. org/AJN/2001/sept/Wrights. htm Riba and Reches (2002). When terror is routine: how Israeli nurses cope with multi-casualty terror. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Vol. #7 No. #3, Manuscript 5. Available: http://www. nursingworld. org/ojin/topic19/tpc19_5. htm Trossman, Susan (1999). Staffing smart: A difficult proposition. American Nurse. Nursing World. 1999. http://nursingworld. org/tan/99janfeb/float. htm. Nursing Report (2001). Report of the Legislative Special Commission on Nursing and Nursing Practice. May 2001. http://www. mass. gov/legis/reports/nursingreport. htm Blythe et al (2005). Full-Time or Part-Time Work in Nursing: Preferences, Tradeoffs and choices. Healthcare Quarterly Vol. 8 No. 3. 2005. Pages 69-77. www. nhsru. com/documents/Full-time%20or%20part-time%20work%20in%20nursing%202005. pdf Hay, Donald and Oken, Donald (1972). The Psychological Stresses of Intensive Care Unit Nursing. Psychosomatic Medicine. Volume 34, No. 2. March/April 1972. www. psychosomaticmedicine. org/cgi/reprint/34/2/109. pdf.