The Gender Struggle Essays - Gender, Sex Segregation,

The Gender Struggle Are boys and girls treated differently by the teacher in classroom situations? This is a question that has frustrated many psychologists and educators. In many cases, I think gender does play a significant role in the education process. Teachers may unconsciously give more attention to the boys in a classroom. Peggy Orenstein proved this in her essay, "Learning Silence: Scenes from the Class Struggle," in which she did field research in junior high schools interviewing and observing the interaction of teachers to their students. I think the reason teachers unknowingly give more attention to a particular gender is because of the way that the teachers were brought up to think. The roles of each gender have already been laid out and embedded in the minds of the teachers from their own teachers and parents while growing up. I think that teachers have many preconceived notions of the gender relations of their students. The teachers unknowing pass the ideas that they learned as a child ont o their students, who also do not realize that it is being done to them. Peggy Orenstein very effectively tackles the question "are boys and girls treated differently in school?" (Italicized paragraphs 7). She concluded from her field studies in junior high schools that the teacher sometimes treats boys and girls differently in the classroom. She also admits that boys and girls do have many differences, which cause them to behave differently. Orenstein observed that in many situations the teacher ignored the girls when they raised their hands while the boys would blurt-out answers without the teacher scolding them for it. The boys, she observed, usually dominated the classroom discussions while the girls would be very hesitant to raise their own hands for fear of having the wrong answer. Many of the girls Orenstein interviewed said that boys do not care if they are wrong whereas the girls are embarrassed if they have the wrong answer. They are afraid that the boys will think that they are dumb. I have never had such a teacher who treats girls so much diff erently than boys like the ones describe by Orenstein. In fact I can remember quite a few cases where the teacher ignored me when I was raising my hand. I did however have one teacher my senior year of high school who did treat girls differently than boys. She would say "girls are better than boys, girls are smarter than boys." We of course knew she was only kidding because she laughed whenever she said it, but I think that her statements did effect us in a subliminal way. I can remember many of the boys that year failing out while almost all of the girls passed. I myself hung on by the skin of my teeth. I think she only passed me because she felt sorry for me. I would not of graduated without that class. In many of my own classes, it was the girls not the boys who would speak out more in the classroom. I think that girls are more open and willing to express their feelings and opinions on a subject than boys are. While girls tell each other their fears, pains and deepest desires, boys will hesitate to say that their bee-sting hurts. A boy's entire social survival depends on the reaction of their peers. I am not saying that girls do not worry at all about how their friends think of them. Boys and girl alike are extremely dependent on the reaction of their peers. But boys are a lot more dependent on it then girls. Although Orenstein's is completely correct, it does however have a flaw. In Wendy Kaminer's essays, "The Trouble with Single-Sex Schools," She says that Orensein's sampling of schools was not in the least random. Orenstein did her research in schools where gender biases were known and reported to occur (Kaminer 26). In Kaminer's essay, she attacks many people's solution to gender biases in schools, single-sex schools. Not everyone can afford private schools for their children, which most single-sex schools are. Public schools of course cannot be made into single-sex schools because that would be a violation of the constitution. Many children do benefit from

Is Basketball Player a Job Essays

Is Basketball Player a Job Essays Is Basketball Player a Job Essay Is Basketball Player a Job Essay The National Basketball Association, on August 3, 1949, after a damaging three-year battle to win both players and fans, the rival Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball League (NBL) merged to form the National Basketball Association (NBA) and David Stern currently is the CEO of the NBA. There is a known debate about whether playing in NBA is a kind of job, some people say it is job, they play for their high salaries, but I say it is not. The definition of a job is â€Å"a piece of work; especially: a small miscellaneous piece of work undertaken on order at a stated rate† (Webster). The key of a job is to get money from what they work for it and there is no competition. When performed by an employee in an exchange for pay, a job consists of duties, responsibilities, and tasks (performanceelements) that are (1) defined and specific, and (2) can be accomplished, quantified, measured, and rated. From a wider perspective, a job is synonymous with a role and includes the physical and social aspects of a work environment. Often, individuals identify themselves with their job or role (foreman, supervisor, engineer, etc. ) and derive motivation from its uniqueness or usefulness. However, playing in NBA is not like playing in college. There is no salary for college basketball players, so what their purposes to play basketball is definitely a kind of favor and they want to gain the fame for their school. The National Basketball Association promotes the most skillful and professional basketball games, and the players in this association are also the smartest and the most powerful around the world. Every player is going to sign a contract with their club to ensure that they will play for their own club devotionally and everyone will get paid from it. As mentioned above, playing in NBA indeed has two properties, one is the money based and the other is a rat race and their ambitions to get the championship. The National Basketball Association promotes the most skillful and professional basketball games, and the players in this association are also the smartest and the most powerful around the world. Everyone around the world who likes basketball must know about the NBA basketball games because these games can bring them a lot of professional skills and tactics. NBA basketball games have become all the rage these years. Because of that, even people who dont know how to dribble, they know something related to NBA. In addition, whenever and wherever basketball is a sport filled with intensity. 1. webster. (n. d. ). Job. Retrieved from merriam-webster. com/dictionary/job

Anthropogenic and Natural Causes of Global Warming Essay

Anthropogenic and Natural Causes of Global Warming - Essay Example This research will begin with the definition of global warming is defined as the result of the accumulation of CO2 and other emissions that trap heat in the atmosphere. Moreover, it is considered as â€Å"the worst and most complicated issue† that world leaders have to deal with nowadays. Basically, global warming affects all people on earth, especially those in areas with extreme air pollution. Global warming also further affects the human race through increase in the occurrence of infectious diseases because those microorganisms that thrive only in high temperatures are supported by the increasing heat. According to Trimarchi, this and the other calamities that global warming brings with it will further lead to various other negative effects like famine, war and starvation. Global warming will also affect the environment itself through the occurrence of various storms and hurricanes, extreme drought in some parts of the world while abnormally increased precipitation in other s, heat waves, melting of the polar ice caps, rise in sea levels and the eventual destruction of the tundra and freshwater ecosystems. Such effects will not only destroy ecosystems but will also eventually cause a series of events that ultimately leads to chaos in and destruction of the human society. Based on a report by the U.S. National Research Council in 2006, â€Å"The Earth is the hottest it has been in at least 400 years†. Furthermore, according to the same report, the latest global temperature increase of 0.3 °C to 0.6 °C is in fact the â€Å"largest† increase in surface temperature in 1,000 years.... Furthermore, according to the same report, the latest global temperature increase of 0.3 °C to 0.6 °C is in fact the â€Å"largest† increase in surface temperature in 1,000 years (â€Å"Global Warming,† Stanford 2008). The main culprit behind this, according to most scientists and publications, is greenhouse gases. The greenhouse gases that cause global warming include carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, chlorofluorocarbons, but among these, carbon dioxide has the most volume in the atmosphere at 55%, and is therefore regarded as the main cause of anthropogenic or man-made global warming (Ganesh 2011). There is, however, the question of what is the exact cause of global warming and how much of it is brought about by nature and how much is caused by man. Does present research and scientific literature shed light on these issues or do we need further research on them? In order to remedy the situation and prevent its dire effects, there is therefore undoubtedly a g reat need to know the exact causes of global warming as well as how many of them is contributed by man and how much by nature. There is also a need to know the issues surrounding these causes. Literature Reviews The Anthropogenic Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Factor One of the causes of global warming is the release of carbon dioxide, or CO2, especially from the industrial processes involved in the burning of fossil fuels (â€Å"Global Warming,† Geowise.com, 2006). Among these fossil fuels, coal, which is increasingly being used in the United States and China, contributes the greatest percentage of CO2 to the atmosphere because of potentially large emissions compared to oil or natural gas (Hansen et al. 2000). CO2 has a long shelf-life that makes it stay in the air for the

International Business - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

International Business - - Essay Example This paper is a business report that explores the issue of complicating stakeholder responsibility for expanding companies. The paper explores expansion in terms of factors involved and how this exposes companies to increased population and different types of stakeholders. The paper also explores the linkage between stakeholders’ responsibility and the foreign direct investment. Expansion of business has become a normal concept today. The emergence of the multinational corporations and the internationalization of existing companies is viewed as an indication of growth. As businesses expand, the revenue is expected to increase and so is the reputation and the customer coverage (Branco & Rodrigues 2006). Further, such an internationalization also affects the responsibility of the business to the community and the people. This means that the more a company expands internationally, its stakeholder responsibility becomes more complex (Melà © 2008). This can be viewed to happen for two main reasons. First, the stakeholders’ environment, socially and economically drastically change as the company secures a stakeholder base in the new country. Secondly, the number of people that the company or business has a responsibility towards increases and their demographic characteristics change (Hooijberg & Schneider 2001). Corporate social responsibility (CSR) are t he basic strategies that companies conduct their business in a way that is socially friendly, ethical and responsive to the community needs in development and safety. The companies are required to go an extra mile and put up measures to benefit the community that literary accommodate them (Winch 2004). Theories such as utilitarian, managerial and relational theories of CSR supported by works of other scholars in the area could be used to suggest that CSR becomes an international concern due to globalized nature of business that knows no border. CSR

Bats Echolocation Essay Example for Free

Bats Echolocation Essay Echolocation is the art which is utilized by many animals in the detection of their pray and for navigational purposes. These animals are generally not equipped with eyes that are functionally advanced to the extent that makes them a good predator in their habitat. Common examples of such animals are Bats, dolphins, whales etc.   Such animals emit an ultrasonic signal into the environment and sense the signal that returns back after striking from the surroundings. This enables them to appreciate what waits ahead of them, its range, size etc. In short echolocation works exactly like modern day sonar in which the animal makes an estimate of the range of the pray by calculating the time interval between its own emission of the sound and the echoes that return back. Bats use echolocation signals that range in the frequency from   14kHz to 1000khz (Neuweiler 245) .These signals are thus well out of the range of human ear to hear which is capable to decipher audio signals falling between the frequency of 20 Hz -20,000 Hz .. Studies have indicated that bats have a very characteristic pattern of hunting by echolocation that can be divided into four phases namely search phase, approach phase, terminal buzz and the post buzz phase. All these phases differ in their band width and inter pulse duration. When a bat is in flying smoothly in search of it’s pray it is said to be in the search phase which is characterized by pulses which have a comparatively low pulse repetition rate, a higher pulse duration and inter-pulse interval . When the pray is detected the signal is changed to the approach phase in which the interval between the pulses decreases to about 33 ms. Just before the capture of the pray most of the echo locating bats emit a terminal buzz, which has further decreased inter-pulse interval. The terminal buzz phase can also be divided into a Buzz I and Buzz II phase. Irrespective of the fact that a prey capture attempt is successful or not the same pattern of phases is repeated again during the course a bat is flying in search of its pray. To tell more simply the usual signals in the search phase are well separated and have a lesser rate/sec as compared to the signals which are released when the bat has spotted and is just approaching its target.   The pattern of the phases are however different which would be discussed later in the same article. One may be wondering what makes these animals utilize such advanced mechanisms to hunt for their pray. The answer lies in the fact that bats are provided with a highly sensitive inner ear (The part of the ear that detects and transmits hearing impulses to higher centers in the nervous system). In the same way bats have a very advanced auditory cortex in order to interpret these signals (Grinnell 25). Numerous studies have been conducted on the echolocation pattern of the bats; below it the summaries of some selected studies which would enable the readers in a better understanding of the topic. Although it is an extremely vast topic yet every effort is made to provide the summaries of recent five researches 1) Effects of successful capture attempt versus unsuccessful capture attempt on post-buzz period: Adam et al in their study demonstrated the effect of a successful catch over an unsuccessful attempt on the post-Buzz period. Post Buzz period is the interval that follows the terminal buzz till the usual pattern of the pulses, search phase is restarted. According to this study the post-buzz phase was significantly greater after successful attempts as compared to unsuccessful attempts.206 ±112.3ms for successful attempts and 106.2 ± 83.3 ms for unsuccessful attempts. This increase in the post-buzz period has been attributed to time that is required in the handling of the pray. Similar studies have indicated increase in post-buzz time upon the successful capture of the pray (Kalko 225). However the post-buzz time was shorter in this study than that found in that found by Adam et al possibly due to the use of smaller insects. So the pray size is also a determining factor in the duration of post-buzz interval. Similar results were obtained by a study done by Annemarie, Vibeke and Jakob Tougaard from the University of Southern Denmark. In addition to the calculation of post-buzz time for successful and unsuccessful attempts they also calculated the post-buzz periods for touches also, i.e. when a bat is unsuccessful in capturing the prey yet its body parts slightly touch the prey in flight. Similar to the previous studies the post-buzz period was greatest in successful catches 272.2 ms and shortest in unsuccessful attempts, 117.9 ms and almost a middle value in case of touches i.e. 181.2 ms. 2. Effect of the size of prey on the bat’s response time One might think that it makes sense if we say that larger prays are detected from a longer distance as compared to prays of smaller size. But in actual studies this belief has been negated. One of the studies indicated that there was no significant effect of the size of the pray on the reaction time of bats. The mean time from detection till attempted capture was 604 ±141 ms (Britton 1796). Similar results were found by Acharya and Fenton in their study titled â€Å"Echolocation behavior of vespertilionid bats attacking airborne targets including arctiid moths† 3. Echolocation frequency of bat species and its relation with geographical habitat: In a lot number of studies the interesting phemenon of the relationship between specific bat frequencies to their habitat was demonstrated. Gareth Jones and Sofie M. V Parijs demonstrated the presence of both high frequency and low frequency Pipistrelus bats in Britain. The echolocation signals of the low frequency bats were never found to exceed 52 KHz while that of the high frequency bats were usually above 52 KHz (Jones 123). They attributed this frequency difference to their geographical habitats.   In recordings from Scotland the high frequency bats which were found to be 71% clearly dominated the low frequency bats.   Thus it was concluded that in a particular geographical area different phenotypic bats having nearly similar echolocation frequencies of the same specie can exist and the change in frequency is not exhibited by the same phenotype which change its frequency according to ecological conditions. 4) Echolocation studies in Dolphins: Dolphins appear to have a lot more advanced echolocation system as compared to bats. They listen to their pray and then use echolocation signals to get more information about the pray (Harley 62). There is also a possibility that dolphins use echolocation signals for communication purposes as well this was proposed by Brownlee. Conclusion: Keeping in view the diversified studies that have been done on the echolocation patterns of bats one finds himself amazed to see what is known and highly curious about what is yet to be found out. Future works can target coding bat species according to their echolocation frequencies. Although this is not going to be an easy job but it is going to open windows to new dimensions of research. Through this coding an attribution to the geographical location of the bats can also be made.

henry ford :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Henry Ford, born July 30, 1863, was the first of William and Mary Ford's six children. He grew up on a prosperous family farm in what is today Dearborn, Michigan. (Teachers D.) It was early on that Henry showed a strong dislike for his farm chores and interests in all types of mechanical things. (Editors 205.) In 1879 at the very young age of only sixteen Henry left home for Detroit the present day motor city.(Ford Motor C.) In Detroit Henry worked as an apprentice to a machinist.(Wik 190.) Returning home to help with farming from time to time he remained in his apprenticeship for 3 years.(Ford Motor C.) In the years to follow Henry more or less drifted in his work such as operating or repairing steam engines, finding occasional work in a Detroit factory, and over-hauling his father's farm implements, as well as lending a reluctant hand with other farm work.(Dahlinger 12.) However In 1889 with the marriage to his wife Clara Bryant he was forced to find a steady job to support them an d worked by running a saw mill. (Teachers D.)   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1891, Ford became an engineer with the Edison Illuminating Company in Detroit. By doing making this decision it showed that Ford had decided to concentrate his job and work to industrial pursuits. His promotion to Chief Engineer in 1893 gave him enough extra time and money to devote attention to his personal experiments on internal combustion engines. (Yenne 150.) In 1896 his experiments produced a result; he made a quadricycle that had a steering wheel and a two speed engine with no reverse. (Teachers D.) Although this sounds like a very impressive feat Ford was not the first to build a self-propelled vehicle with a gasoline engine.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After two unsuccessful attempts to establish a company to manufacture automobiles, the Ford Motor Company was founded in 1903 with Henry Ford as vice-president and chief engineer. (Editors 9.) The small company produced only a few cars a day at the Ford factory on Mack Avenue in Detroit. Groups of two or three men worked on each car from components ordered in by other companies. (Yenne 45) Henry Ford realized his dream of producing an automobile that was reasonably priced, reliable, and efficient with the introduction of the Model T in 1908. (XXXX) â€Å"This vehicle initiated a new era in personal transportation. It was easy to operate, maintain, and handle on rough roads, immediately becoming a huge success.

Social Studies Teenage Pregnancy Questionnaire SBA

SOCIAL SUDIES SCHOOL BASED ASSESSMENT (SBA) 2013 CANDIDATE NAME: MITSEY STONE SCHOOL: MONTEGO-BAY E-LEARNING TITLE: An examination on Teenage Pregnancy in my community TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgement Introduction Task 1: Statement of Problem Task 2: Reason for Selecting Area of Research Task 3: Method of Investigation Task 4: Data Collection Instrument Task 5: Procedures for Data Collection Task 6: Presentation of Data Task 7: Analysis and Interpretation of Data Task 8: Statement of FindingsTask 9: Recommendations and Implementation StrategyACKNOWLEDGEMENTI have taken effort in this project; however it would not have been possible without the kind support and help of many individuals and book publishers. I would like to extend my sincere thanks to all of them. I am highly indebted to Modules In Social Studies by Rampersad Ramsawak and Ralph . R Umraw for providing necessary information regarding this rese- arch. I would like to express my gratitude towards my family ,friends and the the persons in my community who participated,for their kind o-operation and encouragement which help me in completion of this project, And most of all to God for making this possible.INTRODUCTION TASK 1: STATEMENT OF PROBLEMWhat factors contribute to the increasing problem of teenage Pregnancy?How does this problem impact the lives of children?What can be done to decrease the cause of teenage pregnancy?TASK 2: REASONS FOR SELECTING THIS AREA OF RESEARCHThis area of research was chosen because it is a prominent issue that could be address in a better light. Similar essay: SBA on Drug AbuseThe researcher want to explore the options or me- asures that can assist these teenagers and also what can be done to eliminate the increase of teenage pregnancy in the community of Maroon Town.TASK 3: METHOD OF INVESTIGATION The method of investigation chosen to implement data is in the form of a questionnaire that was shared randomly to persons within my community.TASK 4: DATA COLLECTION INSTRUMENT QUESTIONNAIRE Instructions: Please read the following questions and put a tick in the box provided or answer on the spaces.1. Sex: Male Female2. To which age group do you belong ? 9- 12 years, 13- 15 years, 16- 19 years, 20- 50 years3. How long have you been a resident of this community? 3- 5 years, 7- 10 year,s 12- 15 years, Others4. To which ethnic group do you belong? African decent, Indian decent, Chinese decent, Other5. What is your level of education? Primary, Secondary, Tertiary6. What is the highest grade you completed? 8- 9 grade, 10- 11 grade, So me college, Other7. At what age did you become sexually active? 11- 13 years, 14- 16 years, 17- 18 years, 19- 20 years8.How many children do you have? 1-2 children, 3- 4 children, Over 5 children, Others9. How did you first find out about sex? Family, Friends, School, Media, Other10. What is your main source of financial support? Own job, Spouse, Parents, Other11. Are you currently working? Yes No12. If not why?13. Do you think that peer influences affect your opinion on sex? Yes No14. What are the main causes of teenage pregnancy? Lack of parental guidance, Sexual assault or rape, Economic issues Poverty15. How does teenage pregnancy affect a teenagers education?16. What are the advantages and disadvantages or teenage pregnancy?17. What were the challenges faced during your pregnancy?18. What measures can be taken to reduce the cause of teenage pregnancy in my community?TASK 5: PROCEDURES FOR COLLECTING DATA To gather information for this project the researcher constructed a questi onnaire which consist of eighteen questions which were con- tributed to thirty teenagers in Maroon Town. The sample was selec- ted using the simple method by placing fifty names of persons in my community in a bag.The bag was shaken and the first twenty names selected were given a questionnaire to complete. The questionnaire were contributed on the 30th October and collected the 6th of November. Of the respondents 70percent were female and 30percent were male.TASK 6: PRESENTATION OF DATA Data was collected for this project using a pie chart, a histogram and a bar graph. Figure 1 Figure one is a pie chart illustrating the ages at which teenagers became sexually active in the community of Maroon Town. An estimate of 40% became pregnant at the age of 14 to 16 years